| The study of viral profiles in children with respiratory diseases is an emerging field of research.A growing number of studies recognize the diversity of bacteria,fungi and viruses in children’s health and diseased airways,and the possible role of this diversity in acute and chronic inflammation.Repeated and chronic pulmonary infections are associated with morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases in children.Pneumonia and bronchiolitis are the main causes of high morbidity and mortality in children.More than 90% of hospitalized children younger than 5 years of age have severe or very severe lower respiratory tract infections.The infection difference between bacteria and viruses leads to empirical antibacterial treatment,which may lead to antimicrobial resistance in children,making it more difficult to treat clinical respiratory diseases..Although most viral respiratory infections can be diagnosed and treated accordingly,clinicians generally recommend respiratory virus testing to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.The virus we known is only a little part of the large number of virus communities in which the human body surface communicates with the outside world.Therefore,exploring potential pathogenic new viruses in advance to prevent and control new viruses in humans Illness is a good choice.The respiratory disease virus spectrum can also help us understand the problems may faced by premature babies after birth.Premature infants have a higher risk of developing chronic lung disease due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.The literature reports that the traditional methods of identifying viruses mainly include conventional PCR,immunoelectron microscopy,cell culture,and specific antibody detection.However,they were found to have their own fatal shortcomings in later scientific research and clinical practice.With the deepening of scientific research and the rapid development of molecular biology technology,many new methods for detecting new viruses and detection of unknown viruses have emerged.Viral Metagenomics has become a research hotspot.Viral macrogenomics directly takes all viral nucleic acids in clinical samples as the research object,which avoids the traditional methods of PCR amplification based on known virus sequences,serum viral antigen / antibody detection or viral cell culture,and breaks the limitations of traditional methods.Therefore,viral metagenomics has been applied to agriculture,environment,medicine,public health,etc.In metagenomics,there are many methods for virus detection,such as specific nucleic acid hybridization and antigen cross reaction,subtractive hybridization,sequence independent nucleic acid amplification,sequence independent single primer amplification（sispa）,random PCR amplification,shotgun amplification,random primer PCR（AP-PCR）,etc.At present,most studies at home and abroad are aimed at the composition and distribution of microbial communities in the respiratory tract and their association with childhood-related diseases,while there are few studies on viral communities in the respiratory microenvironment.To explore the composition of complex viral communities in the respiratory tract and its relationship with children’s health and disease.The purpose of this study is to use viral metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing methods to analyze the nasal mucosal secretions of children with respiratory infections in Zhenjiang,China,So as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the prevention and clinical treatment of viral infection in children with respiratory diseases,and lay a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.The main contents and results of this study:（1）Composition of viral communities in the microenvironment of nasal mucosal secretions in children in Zhenjiang areaIn this study,a preliminary analysis of nasal mucosa samples from 100 children with respiratory infections from Jiangsu University Hospital was conducted using viral metagenomics techniques.The results showed that there were at least 14 viral families in the library,which were rich in species;The composition was basically similar;the total number of KYD09 virus sequences in the library was 79,while KYD04 did not.The difference was significant;the library viruses were mainly Adenoviridae and Picornaviridae.（2）Metagenomic analysis of the virus of children with respiratory diseases in Zhenjiang area After virus metagenomic analysis,the viral community in the microenvironment of children’s nasal mucosa secretions in Zhenjiang area is mainly composed of the following viral families: Adenoviridae 30.13%,Picornaviridae 24.04%,Coronaviridae 11.22%,10.58% of the family Acycloviridae,10.58% of Polyomaviridae,7.37% of Paramyxoviridae,1.28% of Caulimoviridae,Podoviridae0.96%,Hepviridae 0.64%,Orthomyxoviridae 0.64%,Astroviridae 0.32%,Baculoviridae 0.32%,Poxviridae 0.32 % and 1.60% of unclassified virus families.Adenoviridae and micro RNA viruses occupy a dominant position in the viral spectrum.Phylogenetic analysis based on the gene sequence of Coronavirus showed that Coronavirus（HKU1）found in children’s respiratory tract in Zhenjiang area belongs to HKU1,which is a common type of Coronavirus in human respiratory tract.It is genetically far from SARS-Co V-2.A new subtype of Adenovirus and a new type of Anellovirus were also found in the virus community,for which phylogenetic analysis were carried out. |
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