| ObjectiveTo investigate the hearing levels and questionnaire survey of middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 years and over,and to find out the middle-aged and elderly people’s hearing impairment,as well as the middle-frequency and high-frequency hearing levels.To analyze the factors affecting hearing loss in middle-aged and elderly people,and then to explore the effects of living habits on hearing loss and middle frequency and high frequency hearing level in middle-aged and elderly people.And to provide a scientific reference for improving the hearing level of middle-aged and elderly people and to carry out targeted prevention and treatment of hearing loss.MethodsUsing the method of random cluster sampling,a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1064 middle-aged and elderly people aged over 50 in two communities in Chengyang District of Qingdao City.A total of 1040 valid samples were included in the final analysis,with an effective investigation rate of 97.7%.The pure tone air conduction thresholds of0.5 k Hz,1.0 k Hz,2.0 k Hz,4.0 k Hz and 8.0 k Hz in the left and right ears were measured by Danish pure tone audiometer.The average hearing thresholds of 0.5 k Hz,1.0 k Hz,2.0 k Hz and 4.0 k Hz for the better ears is used as the pure tone average hearing threshold(PTA)to judge the hearing loss of middle-aged and elderly people.The average value of the hearing thresholds of 0.5 k Hz,1.0 k Hz,and 2.0 k Hz for the better ears was used as the intermediate frequency hearing level,and the average of the hearing thresholds of 4.0 k Hz and 8.0 k Hz for the better ears was used as the high frequency hearing level.Bone mineral density of the calcaneus was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.The fasting blood samples were collected and the biochemical indexes were measured by the CS-600 B automatic biochemical analyzer of Dirui.Questionnaires were used to collect the basic demographic characteristics,illness status and living habits of the subjects.Use Epi Data4.0to establish a database for data double entry and logic verification;Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0.The single factor analysis mainly used t test,analysis of variance,Mann-Whitney U test,and H test.Multivariate analysis mainly used Multinomial Logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results1.The basic characteristics of the study subjects: Among the 1040 subjects,there were 361 males,accounting for 34.7% of the total number,and 679 were females,accounting for 65.3% of the total.The age range is 50 to 88 years old,with an average age of 66.62±7.53 years old.2.The basic situation of hearing loss of the study subjects: Among the 1040 subjects,the proportion of hearing loss in the left and right ears was 76.6% and 77.4%,respectively.The proportions of mild,moderate,severe and extremely severe hearing loss in the left ear were 47.4%,23.8%,3.9% and 1.5%,respectively.the proportion of mild,moderate,severe,and severe hearing loss in the right ear were 49.1%,22.8%,3.8%,and 1.6%,respectively.According to the WHO grading standard,among the 1040 subjects,303(29.1%)had normal hearing,and 737(70.9%)had hearing loss.Among them,mild,moderate,severe and extremely severe hearing loss were 504(48.5%),209(20.1%),21(2.0%),and 3(0.3%),respectively.The hearing level was mainly slightly impaired.The average level of hearing was 32.80±11.81 d B HL.3.Analysis of the influencing factors of hearing loss: In this study,we combined moderate,severe and extremely severe hearing loss with moderate and severe hearing loss(PTA≥41d B HL).Univariate analysis showed gender,age,education,vascular disease,hypertension,cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,bone mineral density,smoking status,alcohol consumption,fruit,snacks,milk intake were the influencing factors of hearing loss.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age increase(OR=1.097,95%CI=1.067 ～1.128)was a risk factor for mild hearing loss,female(OR=0.363,95%CI=0.181～0.727),green tea(OR=0.764,95%CI=0.631～0.926)were protective factors for mild hearing loss;age increase(OR=1.217,95%CI= 1.174～1.262),snacks(OR=1.228,95%CI=1.020～1.479)were a risk factor for moderate and severe hearing loss,female(OR=0.293,95%CI= 0.128～0.675)was protective factors for moderate and severe hearing loss.Compared with normal group,the common risk factors of mild and moderate hearing loss are male and age increase.4.Basic situation of intermediate frequency and high frequency hearing: The average median frequency hearing level of the subjects was 30.31±10.75 d B HL(8～100d B HL),and the high-frequency hearing average was 46.43±20.55 d B HL(5～110d B HL).5.Analysis of influencing factors of intermediate frequency and high frequency hearing level: Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences in intermediate frequency hearing level among the groups of gender,age,educational level,cardiovascular disease,hypertension,bone mineral density,smoking,snack dessert and milk intake(P<0.05).Gender,age,educational level,cardiovascular disease,diabetes,hypertension,cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein,bone mineral density,smoking,drinking,black tea,green tea,fruit and milk intake were the influencing factors of high frequency hearing(P<0.05).Multivariate multiple linear regression results showed that age,snack dessert and bone mineral density were the main influencing factors of IF hearing.The intermediate frequency hearing level of the subjects with older age,higher intake of snacks and lower bone density was worse(P<0.05);Sex and smoking were the main influencing factors of high-frequency hearing,and the high-frequency hearing level of males was worse than that of females(t=6.420,P<0.001).The smoking status was based on the non-smoking group and the smoking cessation group was high.The frequency of hearing was poor(t=2.248,P=0.025).Conclusion1.The hearing loss status and intermediate frequency and high frequency hearing level of middle-aged and elderly people are affected by many factors,and there are some differences in the influencing factors of hearing frequency in different frequency ranges.2.The influencing factors of hearing impairment in middle-aged and old people may be gender,age,intake of green tea and snack dessert.Age,gender and green tea intake may be the influencing factors of mild hearing loss.Gender,age and snack dessert intake may be the influencing factors of moderate to severe hearing loss.Compared with the normal hearing group,gender and age were the common influencing factors of mild and moderate to severe hearing loss.3.The possible influencing factors of intermediate frequency hearing level were age,sweets intake and bone mineral density,while the possible influencing factors of high frequency hearing level were sex and smoking. |
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