Study On Anti-inflammatory Activity Polysaccharides From Fructus Xanthii

Fructus xanthii is a involucre fruit of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder in Compositae and has been included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia of all dynasties.Polysaccharide is one of the important active components of Fructus xanthii.In order to understand the chemical structures and biological activities of Fructus xanthii polysaccharides,the isolation,purification,structural characterization,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Fructus xanthii were studied in this paper.The research of the paper will provide theoretical support for the research and development of Fructus xanthii polysaccharide.Four sequentially extracted polysaccharides components WXP,CXP,BXP and AXP from Fructus xanthii by using hot water,chelating agent,0.05 mol/L Na OH and 1.0mol/L Na OH.The homogeneous components WXP-3 and AXP-1 were obtained from WXP and AXP by DEAE-52 cellulose column.The results of chemical composition analysis showed that WXP,BXP,AXP,CXP,WXP-3 and AXP-1 were heteropolysaccharides with total sugar contents of 54.2%,68.3%,53.9%,45.9%,99.1%,92.6,total aldehyde acid contents of 9.3%,12.0%,10.3%,5.3%,7.2%,9.7%,and protein contents of 12.7%,7.3%,15.4%,21.5%,0%,0%,respectively.The six polysaccharides components displayed characteristic polysaccharide bands in Fourier transform infrared.The structure of each homogeneous component was characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods,such as methylation,partial acid hydrolysis,GC,GC-MS,FT-IR,HPGPC and NMR.The results showed that WXP-3 was a type II arabinogalactan with seven kinds of monosaccharide.The backbone of WXP-3consisted of →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→,→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→,→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→.AXP-1was a type arabinogalactan composed of arabinose,galactose and glucose.The backbone of AXP-1 consisted of →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→,branched chain includingα-L-Araf-(1→,→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→,β-D-Glcp-(1→,→4)-α-D-Galp A-(1→.Biological activity studies showed that WXP,CXP,BXP and AXP could effectively scavenging DPPH,ABTS and OH free radicals and showed good antioxidant activity and reducing ability in vitro.Studies on anti-inflammatory activity showed that crude polysaccharide,homogeneous polysaccharide WXP-3 and its branched chain polysaccharide WXP-3S could alleviate the inflammatory response of cells by inhibiting NO production in a dose-dependent manner.Further studies showed that WXP-3 could effectively inhibit the inflammatory response by inhibit the m RNA expression of i NOS,IL-1β and TNF-ɑ,inhibit the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB,maintain the trimer inactivation state of NF-κB,Immunoregulatory activity studies showed that AXP-1 and AXP-1s could effectively promote the proliferation,NO release and phagocytic activity of macrophages at various concentration(P<0.01).Compared with AXP-1,AXP-1s was significantly stronger than AXP-1 in the immunomodulatory activity.The results showed that the removal of branch chains and the reduction of molecular weight could effectively improve the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides.