The Attentional Bias And Attentional Inhibition Of Emotional Cognition In Depression

Objective To use the adapted three-stimulus Oddball paradigm to explore the attentional bias characteristics and attentional inhibition characteristics of emotional cognition in depressions.Verify the accuracy and sensitivity of the research paradigm in detecting the characteristics of emotional cognitive attention and provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis of depression.Methods The adapted three-stimulus Oddball paradigm combined with Event-Related Potentials(ERPs)was used to conduct experimental analysis on 15 depressed patients and 15 healthy individuals.Before the test,the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)and Patient Health Questionnares(PHQ-9)were used for emotional assessment.The adapted three-stimulus Oddball paradigm includes standard stimuli presented with high probability(80%),target deviation stimuli presented with low probability(10%)and non-target deviation stimuli(10%).The experiment is divided into two parts to explore the attentional bias characteristics and attentional inhibition characteristics of the subjects.In the attention bias experiment,the standard stimulus is the cup image,the target deviation stimulus is the happy face image or the sad face image,the non-target deviation stimulus is the neutral face image;in the attentional inhibition experiment,the standard stimulus is the cup image,and the target deviation stimulus is the happy face Picture or sad face picture,non-target deviation stimulus is sad face picture or happy face picture.The experiment requires the subjects to respond only to the target deviation stimulus.The correct rate of the target deviation stimulus,the distraction error rate,reaction time,distraction response time and P2 and P3 amplitude are the measurement indicators.Results Behavioral data: 1)Attentional bias experimental results: The accuracy rate of the sad face image in the depression patient group(F=9.302,p<0.05)and the healthy control group(F=7.213,p<0.05)is lower than that of the happy face image;The distraction error rate of the sad face image in the depression patient group was higher than that of the healthy control group(F=9.463,p<0.05);the depression patient group(F=5.375,p<0.05)and the healthy control group(F=7.887,p<0.05)The reaction time to the sad face image was prolonged;the distracted reaction time of the depression patient group to the sad face image was higher than that of the healthy control group(F=9.072,p<0.05).2)Attention suppression experiment results: when the sad face image is a non-target bias stimulus,compared with healthy individuals,the correct rate of the happy face image in the depression group is significantly lower(F=6.671,p<0.05);when the sad face image is Non-target deviation stimuli,the distracted response time of the depression patient group to the happy face picture was longer than that of the healthy control group(F=4.719,p<0.05).3)Comparing the experimental results of attention bias and attention inhibition: Compared with the non-target deviation stimulus which is a neutral face image,when the non-target deviation stimulus is a sad face image,the correct rate of the depression patient group’s response to the target happy deviation stimulus decreases(F= 6.429,p<0.05),while the healthy control group did not(F=1.862,p>0.05);relative to the neutral face stimulus,it is a non-target deviation stimulus.When the non-target deviation stimulus is a sad face image,the depression patient group(F=4.802,p<0.05)and the healthy control group(F=11.292,p<0.05)had a longer response time;compared with the neutral face image,it is a non-target deviation stimulus.When the happy face image is a non-target deviation stimulus,only In the healthy control group,the distracted response time to the sad face image was prolonged(F=5.846,p<0.05).EEG data:1)When the non-target bias stimulus is a neutral face image,compared with the healthy control group,the P2 amplitude induced by the target bias stimulus sad face image in the depression patient group will be significantly higher(F=7.662,p<0.05).2)For the depression patient group,when the non-target deviation stimulus is a neutral face image,the P3 amplitude induced by the target deviation stimulus happy face image is significantly higher than when the non-target deviation stimulus is a sad face image,the target deviation stimulating happy face image P3 amplitude induced by the graph(F=6.082,p<0.05).For the healthy control group,when the non-target deviation stimulus is a neutral face image and a sad face image,there is no significant difference between the P3 amplitude induced by the target deviation stimulus happy face image(F=0.244,p>0.05).Correlation analysis: 1)The PHQ-9 scores and HAMD scores of the subjects are negatively correlated with the correct rate of the attention-happy experiment(R=-0.364,p<0.001;R=-0.370,p<0.05)and the inhibition-happy experiment(R=-0.466,p<0.01;R=-0.449,p<0.01).2)The PHQ-9 scores and HAMD scores of the subjects are positively correlated with the distraction error rate(R=0.520,p<0.01;R=0.495,p<0.01)、the distraction response time(R=0.493,p<0.01;R=0.488,p<0.01)and P2amplitude(R=0.496,p<0.01;R=0.468,p<0.01)of the attention-sad experiment.Conclusion 1.Both healthy individuals and depressed individuals have negative attentional bias.The negative attentional bias of patients with depression is more obvious and is accompanied by an increase in P2 amplitude.2.Patients with depression have deficits in attentional inhibition and accompanied by a decrease in P3 amplitude.3.As the degree of individual depression becomes more serious,the characteristics of negative attentional bias and negative inhibition defects become more prominent.4.Adapting the emotional tristimulus Oddball paradigm can reveal the negative attentional bias and cognitive inhibition defects of patients with depression,with better accuracy and sensitivity.