A Retrospective Study Of 3217 Maxillofacial Trauma Patients

Objective Understand the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in Inner Mongolia and the impact of the isolation policy during the COVID-19 epidemic on the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma in the region,and help establish a database of maxillofacial trauma in the region to prevent such traumas for the society,Formulate and improve relevant policies to provide a basis,and provide theoretical support for the reasonable allocation of medical resources.Methods This study is divided into three parts,the first part: analysis of 3217 cases of maxillofacial trauma patients,the second part: the risk factors of maxillofacial fracture,and the third part: the epidemiological impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial trauma.Five representative hospitals in the Inner Mongolia region were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,the People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College,the Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University,and the People’s Hospital of Hulunbuir.Complete medical records of 3217 inpatients with maxillofacial trauma.A retrospective study of the demographic characteristics of maxillofacial trauma patients,such as gender and age,as well as the probable time of trauma,the cause of the trauma,the location and type of trauma,and the description and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial trauma and related influence factor.Results The first part : An analysis of 3217 maxillofacial trauma patients:(1)Among the 3217 patients with maxillofacial trauma,the male to female ratio was4.05:1,the average age was 40.98±13.3 years old,and the main age group was 21-50 years old;(2)The main occupation is farmers(17.4%);in the educational distribution of maxillofacial trauma patients,the highest proportion is junior high school education(34.2%);(3)The main cause of injuries for maxillofacial trauma patients aged 11-50 is traffic accidents;the main cause of injuries for patients under 10 and over 60 is falls;(4)Among the maxillofacial trauma patients who use transportation,cyclists are injured the most;(5)Among children(0-14 years old)with maxillofacial trauma caused by traffic accidents,up to half(50.5%)are injured by bicycles(P<0.05);(6)Compared with other road users,the causes of accidents for cyclists and electric vehicles are less involving motor vehicles(P<0.05);(7)The lower lip(11.5%)is the most common part of soft tissue injuries.Contusions(51.7%)are the most in soft tissue injuries,and mandibular fractures(34.5%)are the most in bone tissue injuries.(8)July,August,September and Monday are the common times for maxillofacial trauma;The second part:Risk factors for maxillofacial fractures:(1)The risk factors for mandibular fracture are: fall from height(OR=11.37),fall(OR=7.10,95%),traffic injury(OR=4.97),work injury(OR=2.68),age(OR=1.01)(P< 0.05);(2)The risk factors for maxillary fracture are: traffic injury(OR=2.78),age(OR=1.02)(P<0.05);(3)The risk factors for orbital fractures are: violent strike injury(OR=2.55),traffic injury(OR=1.62),age(OR=1.02)(P<0.05);(4)The risk factors of zygomatic fracture are: traffic injury(OR=1.81),age(OR=1.03)(P<0.05);(5)The risk factors of zygomatic arch fracture are: traffic injury(OR=2.98),work injury(OR=2.68),violent strike injury(OR=2.05),age(OR=1.03)(P<0.05);The third part:The epidemiological impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial trauma:(1)The number of maxillofacial trauma patients in the lock-up period(2020,n=109)is lower than that in the control period(2018: n=218;2019: n=243);(2)Compared with the control period,the proportion of maxillofacial trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents,work injuries,and leisure sports during the blockade period decreased(P<0.05);(3)The proportion of mandibular fractures during the blockade was higher than that of the control group(38.5% during blockade,and 33.6% in the two control periods);the ratio of orbital complex fractures was lower than that of the control group(14.3%during blockade,two controls The average value is 18.5%);(4)The average AIS score(2.6±1.2)during the lockdown period in 2020 was lower than the two control groups(2018: 2.9±1.1;2019: 2.8±1.1)(P<0.05).Conclusions Establish and improve traffic laws and regulations to improve the awareness of safety and prevention of maxillofacial trauma,especially according to different types of traffic accident participants,related risk factors of different types of trauma,and groups that are prone to different traumas.Preventive measures are meaningful;taking long-term and flexible response measures based on the dynamic control of COVID-19 will help us make better use and allocation of medical resources to deal with emergencies and maxillofacial trauma.