Study On Changes Of Retinal Microvascular In Patients With Gestational Hypertension And Preeclampsia

Objective:To evaluate the changes of retinal microvascular in patients with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia by using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Methods:A total of 20 pregnant women(20 eyes)with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia diagnosed in Obstetrics Department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from September 2020 to January 2021 were collected,including 7 pregnant women(7 eyes)with gestational hypertension,7 pregnant women(7 eyes)with mild preeclampsia and 6 pregnant women(6 eyes)with severe preeclampsia.In addition,20 healthy pregnant women(20 eyes)and 20 healthy non-pregnant women(20 eyes)in our hospital during the same period were collected.The basic data of all participants were collected and all participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including OCTA.The vascular density(VD)and perfusion density(PD)of macular and optic nerve head were compared in patients with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia,healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women.The VD and PD of macular and optic nerve head were compared in patients with gestational hypertension,mild preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia.Results:Central VD,inner VD,central PD,inner PD and all PD of macular were lower in patients with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia than in healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women(F=4.685,6.830,4.940,7.129,3.295;P=0.013,0.002,0.011,0.002,0.044).Inner PD of optic nerve head was lower in patients with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia than in healthy pregnant women(F=3.751,P=0.029).There were no significant differences in VD and PD of macular and optic nerve head among patients with gestational hypertension,mild preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia(P > 0.05).There were no significant differences in VD and PD of macular and optic nerve head between healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women(P > 0.05).Conclusion:OCTA can better display the changes of retinal microvascular in patients with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia,and the decrease of vascular density and perfusion density of macular and optic nerve head has been observed before the occurrence of obvious retinopathy in patients with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.OCTA may be helpful for early identification of microvascular changes in patients with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.