| Background:Drainage tubes are widely used in a variety of surgical procedures,and adequate wound drainage can reduce the risk of wound infection.There is evidence that if the wound is not allowed to drain freely,blood,body fluids,pus,and necrotic material gather in the surgical area,providing a good medium for microorganisms,which will cause the infection to occur or worsen the infection.Surgical wound drainage is also believed to be a key factor in facilitating the healing process.As the only communication space between the deep surgical area and the external environment after surgery,drainage tube placement may lead to the occurrence of retrograde infection and cause deep infection in the surgical area.For orthopedics,it will increase the possibility of endoplant-related infection and increase the pain and economic burden of patients.Especially in the craniocerebral and spinal spine related surgery,the need for dural surgery or unintentionally caused by dural tear,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,drainage tube placement time often need to be extended,the incidence of infection will further increase,and even further lead to delayed meningitis.At present,the main methods used to prevent retrograde infection include early removal of drainage tube,prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics,and use of anti-reflux drainage bags.It inevitably brings about the problems of inadequate drainage and antibiotic abuse.At present,the material of drainage tube is mainly latex composite material,which has no inhibitory effect on the colonization and reproduction of bacteria.Nanosized zinc oxide,as a new chemical antimicrobial material,has been widely used in the field of medical service due to its excellent antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties.This research group will zinc oxide and drainage tube combined to prepare a good antibacterial effect of zinc oxide drainage tube,if successfully applied in clinical,not only conducive to reduce the incidence of clinical infection,but also to a certain extent can reduce the use rate of antibiotics,to avoid the occurrence of antibiotic abuse.Methods:(1)Sample preparation: the surface of the drainage tube was coated with flake nano-Zn O(S-Zn O group),rod-shaped nano-Zn O(R-Zn O group)and flake + rodshaped nano-Zn O(SAR-Zn O)by water bath method,and then the morphological characterization of zinc oxide on the surface of the drainage tube was observed by scanning electron microscopy and XRD:(2)The mass change of nano-sized zinc oxide on the surface of the drainage tube was measured before and after ultrasonic cleaning.The release process of Zn2+ in deionized water of nano-sized zinc oxide drainage tubes within 2 weeks was detected by ICP.(3)The nano-sized zinc oxide drainage tubes were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in an incubator for 8h and 24 h,respectively,to verify the antibacterial ability of nano-sized zinc oxide drainage tubes in vitro;After ultrasonic cleaning,drainage tubes in each group were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for 48 h,respectively,to detect the antibacterial ability of drainage tubes after ultrasonic cleaning(4)CCK-8 experiment was performed on L-929 cells treated with nano-sized zinc oxide drainage tubes to verify the cytotoxic effect of nano-sized zinc oxide drainage tubes.(5)Each group of nano-sized zinc oxide modified drainage tubes were implanted into the back of mice,so that the internal muscles were communicated with the outside world.Two weeks later,muscle skin sections and bacteria culture on the surface of drainage tubes were performed to verify the antibacterial ability of nano-sized zinc oxide drainage tubes in vivo.Results:(1)The surface of the drainage tube was covered with a double-layer nano-Zn O structure,the bottom layer was R-Zn O,and the upper layer was S-Zn O.(2)After ultrasonic cleaning,the mass of S-Zn O group decreased by about33.0±7.0mg,R-Zn O group by about 8.3±1.7mg,and SAR-Zn O group by about34.6±3.3mg.In the first 2 days,the release of zinc ion in S-Zn O group was about2.57±0.12mg/L,that in R-Zn O group was about 0.73±0.05 mg/L,and that in SAR-Zn O group was 3.23±0.21mg/L,and the release rate decreased rapidly.After 14 days,the release of zinc ions remained stable(0.47±0.09 mg/L).(3)In vitro antibacterial experiment: in a short period of time,S-Zn O group(E.coli:97.47±0.61% and S.aureas: 93.07±1.53%)and SAR-Zn O group(E.coli: 98.10±0.33%and S.aureas: 95.47±1.25%)had significant antibacterial effect: After long-term coculture,the antibacterial rates of the three were close to each other.After ultrasonic cleaning,the antibacterial rate of S-Zn O group decreased significantly(E.coli:16.27±4.23% and S.aureas: 14.27±2.63%),while that of R-Zn O group and SAR-Zn O group decreased slightly.(4)CCK8 assay showed that there was no significant difference in cytotoxicity of S-Zn O group,R-ZNOS group and SAR-Zn O group compared with the control group(P>0.05).(5)Compared with the control group,S-Zn O group,R-Zn O group and SAR-Zn O group all had fewer inflammatory nuclei.Bacterial culture on the surface of the drainage tube showed that the number of bacteria in the group containing nano zinc oxide was significantly less than that in the control group.Conclusion:The SAR-Zn O drainage tube has the characteristics of short term rapid release and long term slow release,and has significant antibacterial properties.If the results are transformed and applied in clinical practice,it can effectively reduce the occurrence of retrograde infection caused by drainage tube,especially for patients with cerebrospinal fluid drainage,it can be effective for short-term sterilization and long-term lasting bacteriostasis.At the same time,significantly reduce the use of antibiotics,improve the status of antibiotic abuse. |
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