Study On The Prevention And Social Relief Of Plague In Northeast China From 1910 To 1911

In this paper,the plague in Northeast China,which occurred in several provinces and regions in Northeast China from 1910 to 1911,spread to Guanzhong and caused great harm,is discussed.The epidemic of pneumonic plague,which shocked the world,began to spread on the border between China and Russia in Northeast China.In a short period of two months,it rapidly spread along the railway line to the Northeast mainland and spread to the capital,Zhili,Shandong and other provinces.This is the first plague pandemic in Northeast China and the first large-scale plague disaster in modern China.In December,the epidemic prevention work led by the central government started slowly.Governments at all levels employ good Chinese and foreign doctors,organize epidemic prevention teams,raise funds for epidemic prevention,set up epidemic prevention offices,and establish isolation hospitals.The gentry,businessmen,residents,police,army,newspaper office,medical school students,police school students and other strata in the epidemic area work together to take the policy of combining prevention and treatment,with the first priority of prevention.We should control the development of epidemic situation by isolation,check-up observation and other measures;check and urge the residents in the epidemic area to pay attention to hygiene,eliminate the living environment of the epidemic bacteria,use all feasible ways to publicize and popularize the knowledge of epidemic prevention,and improve the ability to resist the plague;pay attention to cultivating people’s awareness of public morality,encourage the active reporting of the epidemic,and strive to reduce the infection more effectively;release the epidemic situation through various media In order to provide a good social order for the epidemic prevention work,we should strengthen the epidemic situation,ensure the people’s right to know,curb rumors,tabilize social order.In addition,under the organization of the Qing government,an international medical conference was held to study the coping strategies of plague.The international community has also strongly supported the epidemic prevention in Northeast China.Some foreign medical experts have also accepted the invitation to come to Northeast China to help fight the plague.Some people have also given their precious lives.With the joint efforts of the government and Chinese and foreign people,the plague was put out about five months later.Looking at the disaster,the plague is inevitable,but the large-scale infection in the three eastern provinces,even in the capital and Shandong Province is the result of careless prevention and man-made.The simple route of transmission of pneumonic plague made the infected people unconsciously infect the healthy people in contact with others.At that time,the relatively convenient means of transportation accelerated the infection,and the initial scale of the railway transportation network made the infection extend to the Northeast mainland,and spread to the pass.The plague has brought new disasters to the economy and politics of Northeast China and even the whole country.It destroys the original social order,leads to the deterioration of the economic environment and the depression of business;it causes huge losses of people’s lives and property,and also makes the already stretched government finance worse;the plague’s rampant and the initial failure of epidemic prevention provide an excuse for some neighboring countries to further interfere with China’s internal affairs.On the other hand,the epidemic of plague tempered the people in the late Qing Dynasty.The fight against plague promoted the establishment of public health system in Northeast China and even the whole country,and improved the ability of society and individuals to fight against disasters.In the process of epidemic prevention,the coordination and cooperation between governments at all levels and departments improved the government’s competitiveness At the same time,with the development of epidemic prevention,the modern social security system began to establish.In the case of being unable to control the occurrence of disasters,the improvement of their resistance ability undoubtedly becomes one of the conditions for social progress.This effective epidemic prevention provided a certain guarantee for the social change of Northeast China and even the whole China,and also promoted the modern transformation of northeast society in the late Qing Dynasty to a certain extent.