Preliminary Study And Discussion On Immune Microenvironment Of Early Lung Adenocarcinoma

Objective:Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality in the world.Tumor immune microenvironment is an important factor in tumor development.The study of the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer can further understand the occurrence and development of tumors and provide help for further seeking the treatment of lung cancer.Methods:Tumor tissue,paracancerous tissue and normal tissue were collected from NSCLC patients hospitalized for surgery in the geriatric thoracic surgery department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September 2020 to November 2020.A total of 39 patients were collected,and 35 patients were finally included.According to the TNM stage of the patients,there were 22 patients with T1A stage,4 patients with T1B and T1C stage,and 3 patients with T2 stage,including one patient with lymph node metastasis,with T2N2M0 stage,1 patient with T3 stage,and 1 patient with T4 stage,without lymph node or distant metastasis.After antibody staining,several typical fields were photographed and analyzed using PerkinElmer’s spectral quantitative pathology analysis system.CD8+T cells,M1 type macrophages,M2 type macrophages,CD56Bright NK cells and CD56Dim NK cells were detected respectively.After that,statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the difference and correlation between the infiltration of the five kinds of cells in the specific tissues.Then,statistical analysis was conducted on the immune microenvironment of lung cancer and the clinical information of patients combined with the clinical information of the patients.Results:We analyzed the differences in the infiltration of immune cells in the four tissue types,and found that in the early stage of lung cancer,there were differences in the infiltration of M1-type macrophages,CD56bright NK cells and CD56dim NK cells among the four tissues,P<0.05.There were significant differences in CD56dim NK cells(P<0.001).The infiltration degree of CD8+T cells and M2 type macrophages was similar among the four tissues,and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).After multiple tests,only CD56dim NK cells were found to have significant differences between tumor tissues and stroma,paracancerous tissues and normal tissues.We divided the patients into T1A group and other stage groups according to their TNM stage,and then statistically analyzed the differences in the infiltration degree of the 5 kinds of cells in the tumor parenchyma,tumor stroma and paracancerous tissues.The results showed that there were significant differences in the infiltration degree of M1-type macrophages in paracancerous tissues by different periods(P<0.05).We analyzed the correlation between CD8+T cells and the other 4 kinds of immune cells in tumor parenchyma,stroma and paracancerous tissues,and found that CD8+T cells in tumor stroma were positively correlated with CD56Bright NK cells in tumor parenchyma(P=0.02).The infiltration of CD8+T cells in tumor stroma was significantly correlated with CD56DIM NK cells in tumor parenchyma and stroma(P=0.007,P=0.001).There was no correlation between CD8+T cells and the infiltration of macrophages in the three tissues(P>0.05).The infiltration of M1 type macrophages in the tumor parenchyma and the infiltration of M2 type macrophages in the tumor parenchyma and stroma showed extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.001).The infiltration degree of M1 and M2 macrophages in paracancer tissues was also significantly positively correlated(P<0.001).We also analyzed the correlation between the two types of NK cells and macrophages,and the results showed that there was no correlation between NK cells and macrophages(P>0.05),while CD56Bright NK cells and CD56Dim NK cells were positively correlated in all tissues(P<0.05).Conclusion:1.In early lung adenocarcinoma,the infiltration of M1 macrophages and the two types of NK cells in the four tissues is different.2.The size of the tumor was different from the infiltration of M1 type macrophages in adjacent tissues.The infiltration of M1 type macrophages in the stroma of the tumor was heterogeneous in both preinvasive and invasive stage cancers.3.The infiltration of CD8+T cells in stroma was positively correlated with the infiltration of the two types of NK cells.4.There was a positive correlation between TAM and the two types of NK cells in the parenchyma,stroma and paracancerous tumor.