Study On Nutritive Components And Functional Factors Of Panax Quinquefolium L.

American ginseng(AG)is the dried roots of Panax quinquefolium L.,which belongs to Panax genus under Araliaceae family.AG is mainly found in Quebec Canada,Wisconsin American,Jilin and Shandong China,etc.AG has pharmacological effects such as enhancing immune function and resisting fatigue.Due to the insufficient research on the content determination of chemical components of AG from different origins and ages at home and abroad,UV,HPLC-UV,HPLC-ELSD,UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and other methods were used to determine the content of chemical components in AG from different origins and ages at home and abroad,and carry out total component analysis and metabolomics study on AG from main origin in China for further development and application.The innovative results were displayed below:1.Determination of the content of chemical components(1)The content and analysis of amino acids in AGThe content of 24 kinds of amino acids in AG from 23 different origins and 2different ages was determined by HPLC-ELSD for the first time.The contents of total amino acid and essential amino acid of 4-year-old AG were greater than 3-year-old.There were 24 kinds of amino acids after the hydrolysis of AG.According to the analysis of the same cultivated age,the contents of total amino acid and essential amino acid from Weihai and Qingyuan were higher than that from other areas,the contents of acidic amino acid from Beijing and Weihai were higher than that from other areas,and the content of alkaline amino acid from American was higher than that from other areas.(2)The content and analysis of protein in AGThe content of protein in AG was determined by UV.The content of protein of 4-year-old AG was greater than 3-year-old.According to the analysis of the same cultivated age,the content of protein from Suihua and Ji’an were higher than that from other areas.(3)The content and analysis of sugar in AGThe content of total sugar,reducing sugar,polysaccharide and uronic acid in AG were determined by UV method.The content of monosaccharide was determined by HPLC-UV.The content of total sugar,polysaccharide and uronic acid of 4-year-old AG were greater than 3-year-old.According to the analysis of the same cultivated age,the content of total sugar from Qingyuan were higher than that from other areas,the content of polysaccharide from Canada and Beijing were higher than that from other areas,the content of reducing sugar from Canada and Fusong in China were higher than that from other areas,the content of uronic acid from Canada and Jiangyuan in China were higher than that from other areas.(4)The content and analysis of vitamin in AGThe contents of 10 vitamins in AG were determined by HPLC-UV.The content of total vitamin of 4-year-old AG were lower than 3-year-old.When compared with the same age,the content of total vitamin in Jiangyuan,Xinbin and Canada were higher than that from other areas.(5)The content and analysis of sterol in AGThe content of total sterols in AG was determined by UV and the content of three sterol monomers was determined by HPLC-UV.The content of three sterol monomers of 4-year-old were slightly greater than3-year-old.There was no obvious regularity between the content of total sterols and cultivate age.When compared with the same age,the content of total sterols from Fusong in China and Canada were higher than that from other areas.The content of sterol monomer was as follows:β-sitosterol>stigmasterol>ergosterol.2.Comprehensive investigation on metabolites of Panax quinquefolium L.in two main producing areas of China(1)Screening analysis of components in AG from Jilin Province(AG_J)and Shandong Province(AG_S)UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with UNIFI platform of natural products was used to comprehensive identify and analyze small molecule chemical constituents by80%methanol extract in Two Main Producing Areas of China.Compared with reference substance and the accurate m/z combined with the characteristic MS fragmentation patterns reported in literature,a total of 111 shared compounds,including 89 triterpenoids,10 organic acids and organic acid esters,4 amino acids,3steroids and 1 lignin,with triterpenoid ginsenosides being major components,were identified or tentatively characterized,which indicated that AG_J and AG_S were all rich in phytochemicals and contained similar structural types.(2)Metabolomics analysis of AG from AG_J and AG_SDifferences were indeed existed between AG_J and AG_S when the contents of each component being considered.Based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis such as PCA and OPLS-DA,the untargeted metabolomics analysis of AG_J and AG_S was carried out for the first time.A total of19 potential producing area-dependent chemical markers were discovered.Based on the contents and MS responses,ginsenoside Rg1,Re and pseudoginsenoside F11could be considered as the characteristical markers of AG_J,while ginsenoside Rg3and Rh2 of AG_S.In conclusion,this study will provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the chemical composition of AG from different origins at home and abroad and the similarities and differences of chemical compositions from China,and provide strong scientific support for quality evaluation and expanding the medicinal range of AG.