Clinicopathologic Characteristics Of Endometrial Polyp: Report Of 120 Cases

Background and PurposeEndometrial polyps are one of the most common gynecological diseases in reproductive aged women causes prolonged menstrual period,infertility and post-menopausal bleeding,can also easily relapse and have potential of malignant transformations.The etiology and pathogenesis of endometrial polyp remain unclear,Some investigators declared that the endometrial polyp is formed as a consequence of abnormal expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors.The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential risk of endometrial polyps associated with precancerous lesions/canceration and to analyze different clinical parameters of endometrial polyps.Methods and materialsA retrospective surgical database study included one hundred and twenty patients both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women who were diagnosed and conformed as endometrial polys by ultrasound(U/S)or symptomatic/asymptomatic with abnormal endometrium ultrasound admitted in the Dalian maternity hospital affiliated to dalian medical university.All the cases underwent at hysteroscopy polypectomy or hysterectomy and all surgical specimens were histopathologically examined from January 2019 to November 2020,Demographic,clinical,and pathologic results were analyzed and factors associated with premalignant and malignant also evaluated.ResultsAmong 120 patients with endometrial polyps,90.0%were pre-menopausal women and 10.0%were postmenopausal patients;40.0%of the patients had symptomatic polyps and 60.0%had asymptomatic polyps.The age ranges from 22 to 78 years and the mean was 40±10.3 years,patients with<60 years were 80.0%and age>60 years were20.0%.Hormone replacement therapy use patients were 36.7%,patients have arterial hypertension were 7.5%,diabetes mellitus patients were 0.8%,patient with history of breast cancer were 3.3%,patients previous polyp were 4.2%.Patients with single polyps45.8%and patients with multiple polyps were 54.2%;patients with polyp size≤15mm were 65.0%and polyp size>15mm were 35.0%;BMI≤25kg/m~2were 76.6%and patients with BMI>25kg/m~2were 23.3%.Most of the patients had benign endometrial polyps,115 cases(95.8%)in the benign group,and 5 cases(4.2%)in the endometrial polyps with precancerous lesions/carcinogenesis.In the precancerous lesions/carcinogenesis,the proportion of symptomatic polyps、the diameter of polyps>15mm、endometrial thickness>10mm and BMI>25kg/m~2 was significantly higher than that in the benign group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that none of the above factors were independent risk factors for endometrial polyps with precancerous lesions/canceration(P≥0.05).ConclusionIn general,the incidence of endometrial polyps with precancerous lesions/canceration was relatively low,with 5 cases,accounting for 4.2%.In the precancerous lesions/carcinogenesis,the proportion of symptomatic polyps、the diameter of polyps>15mm、endometrial thickness>10mm and BMI>25kg/m~2 was significantly higher than that in the benign group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that none of the above factors were independent risk factors for endometrial polyps with precancerous lesions/canceration(P≥0.05).This may be due to the difference in the study population and the small number of endometrial polyps with precancerous lesions/canceration,and further expansion of the sample size is needed.