Cross Sectional Study On The Correlation Between Winter Swimming And The Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease

Objective Based on Framingham risk score(FRS),the relationship between the annual winter swimming and the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD)was discussed.The incidence rate of coronary heart disease risk factors in winter swimming population was observed.Methods In this cross-sectional study,160 regular winter swimmers(winter swimming ≥ 1year)were enrolled in in Qingdao.The general situation,winter swimming years and exercise frequency of the subjects were collected.Triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL),low-density lipoprotein holesterol(LDL-C),fast blood glucose(FBG),uric acid(UA),white blood cell(WBC),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(HB),hematocrit(HCT),mean corpuscular hemoglobin content(MCH)and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC)were measured.The carotid intima-media thickness(c IMT)and the number of carotid plaques were measured.According to the risk,160 patients were divided into three groups: low risk group(risk < 10%),medium risk group(risk 10% ～ 20%)and high risk group(risk > 20%).Statistical software SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the incidence rate of coronary heart disease risk factors.The data were analyzed by nonparametric rank sum test and chi square test.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the winter swimming years and the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease.Results (1)Finally,160 winter swimmers were selected,including 101 males and 59 females,with an average age of 62.6 years ± At 6.8 years of age,the overall incidence rate of diabetes was 4.4%(7/160),the incidence rate of hypertension was 21.9%(35/160),and64.4%(103/160)had a history of smoking.There were 78 cases(48.75%)in low risk group,72 cases(45%)in medium risk group and 10 cases(6.25%)in high risk group.The low-risk group was younger than the middle / high-risk group,with fewer males,lower BMI,WHR and systolic blood pressure,and less diabetes,hypertension and smoking history(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,winter swimming years and exercise frequency among the three groups(P > 0.05).(2)The levels of RBC,Hb,HCT and MCHC were significantly different among the three groups(P < 0.05).The blood viscosity of low-risk group was lower than that of medium / high-risk group.The levels of TG,HDL-C,FBG and UA were significantly different among the three groups(P < 0.05).The levels of TG,FBG and UA in the low-risk group were lower than those in the medium / high-risk group,and the levels of HDL-C were higher than those in the medium and high-risk groups.There was no significant difference in WBC,MCH,PLT,CRP,TC and LDL-C levels among the three groups(P > 0.05).(3)The higher the c IMT value,the more the number of carotid plaques,and the higher the risk level of coronary heart disease in 10 years,the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).(4)The risk of progression of coronary heart disease decreased by 8%(or 0.92)for every year of winter swimming;95%CI 0.86-0.99;P < 0.05),decreased by 11% in male(or 0.89;P < 0.05);95%CI 0.82-0.98;There was no significant difference among women(P > 0.05).Conclusions With the increase of winter swimming years,winter swimming can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease to a certain extent,which is more obvious in men.