Analysis Of Serum Essential And Toxic Mineral Levels In Children With Mild And Moderate Mental Retardation Aged 0 To 14 Years

ObjectiveThe etiology of most mild to moderate mental retardation is unknown.This study examined the serum essential and toxic mineral levels of normal children and children with mild to moderate mental retardation,and looked for minerals that may be related to mild to moderate mental retardation.At the same time,the investigation was conducted before and during pregnancy.And the exposure of external environmental factors in the neonatal period,looking for external environmental risk factors that may lead to mild to moderate mental retardation,in order to provide reference for the prevention of mild to moderate mental retardation.Methods120 children who were treated in the Department of Psychology of Shenyang Children’s Hospital from November 2018 to November 2020 were divided into three groups according to the results of intelligence test:normal or critical mental retardation group,mild mental retardation group and moderate mental retardation group,with 40children in each group.At the same time,40 healthy children in the child health care department were selected as the control group.The levels of essential and toxic minerals in peripheral blood of children in each group were detected by ICP-MS method,and the external environmental factors were investigated by questionnaire,including maternal pregnancy age,maternal pregnancy,neonatal period and so on.SPSS22.0 is used for data analysis,the measurement data of normal distribution are expressed by mean±standard deviation(variance x±s),the variance between homogeneous and multi-groups is compared by single-factor analysis of variance,the comparison between the two groups is tested by LSD test,the variance between groups is compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test,and the comparison between the two groups is compared by Mann-Whitney U test.The measurement data of non-normal distribution were expressed by median and quartile distance[M(P25～P75)],Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups,Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the two groups,counting data was expressed as percentage(%),χ~2test was used,and multivariate analysis of statistically significant factors was conducted by multi-classification Logistics regression to find possible risk factors.Results1.There was no statistically significant difference in gender and age among the four groups of normal or borderline intelligence,mild mental retardation group,moderate mental retardation group,and control group(P>0.05).2.Normal or borderline intelligence group,mild mental retardation group,moderate mental retardation group,control group four groups of maternal abortion history,maternal pregnancy conditions(early pregnancy infection,gestational diabetes or hypertension,etc.),There were statistically significant differences in delivery method,gestational age and jaundice resolution time(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in children’s allergy history and postnatal feeding methods among the four groups(P>0.05).3.There are statistical differences in peripheral blood serum Co,Se,Ca,Ni,Li,Pb,Cd levels among the four groups of normal or borderline intelligence group,mild mental retardation group,moderate mental retardation group,and control group.Significance(P<0.05),there was no difference in peripheral blood serum Zn,Mg,Fe,Cu,Mn,Hg levels among the four groups with normal or borderline intelligence,mild mental retardation group,moderate mental retardation group,and control group(P>0.05).4.The factors with significant difference between the mild mental retardation group or the moderate mental retardation group and the control group were analyzed by multi-factor multi-classification Logistic regression analysis.Taking the control group as the reference category,the gestational age,mode of delivery and the levels of serum Ca,Ni and Pb in the mild mental retardation group were significantly different from those in the control group(P<0.05).There were significant differences in gestational age,mode of delivery and serum levels of Ca,Ni,Pb and Cd between the moderate mental retardation group and the control group.Conclusions1.Compared to children with normal intelligence,the levels of Se,Ca and Li in peripheral blood of children with mild mental retardation were lower,while the levels of Co,Ni and Cd in peripheral blood of children with mild mental retardation were higher.2.Compared to children with normal intelligence,the levels of Se and Ca in peripheral blood of children with moderate mental retardation were lower,while the levels of Co,Ni,Pb and Cd in peripheral blood of children with moderate mental retardation were higher.3.Low calcium,high nickel,high lead,high cadmium,premature delivery and cesarean section may be independent risk factors for mild to moderate mental retardation.