Study On The Mechanism And Application Of Semen Brassicae On Vascular Endothelial Function Of Essential Hypertension

ObjectiveBase on the mechanism of occurrence of Essential Hypertension events,this study aims to evaluate the role of Semen Brassicae,a common Traditional Chinese Medicine,on the treatment of hypertension and to observe whether Semen Brassicae could play a role in treating high blood pressure by regulating vascular endothelial function.Moreover,this study explores Semen Brassicae’s molecular mechanism on Essential Hypertension,which offers new theories and treatments of traditional Chinese medicine on hypertension,and provides valuable references for future research.MethodsThis study aimed to figure out the mechanism and application of Semen Brassicae on vascular endothelium function of essential hypertension,and intended to conduct experimental research on Spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).It was a randomized controlled trial(RCT).50 SHRs were bought and were randomly divided into five groups by using SPSS 26.0 software,according to the randomized control principle.The five groups were considered as SHRs model group(distilled water,10 ml/Kg/d),low Semen Brassicae dose treatment group,medium Semen Brassicae dose treatment group,high Semen Brassicae dose treatment group(water-decocted solution from Semen Brassicae,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 g/Kg/d),and positive control group(nifedipine,2.7 mg/Kg/d),8 weeks of gavage treatment.Each group had 10 SHRs.This project used a noninvasive caudal artery pressure system to detect artery blood pressure changes of rat’s tails before and after the treatment.Then the changes of vascular endothelial functional factors,antioxidant enzymes,oxidative factors and inflammatory factors before and after SHRS abdominal aortic serum administration were compared.Finally,pathological changes of SHRS thoracic aorta were observed by HE staining.Mechanism of Semen Brassicae on treating hypertension was discussed in the view of molecular biology,pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine theory.The specific groups are as follows:Low Semen Brass icae dose treatment group(BL group):SHRs,water-decocted solution from Semen Brassicae,0.5g/kg/d.Medium Semen Brassicae dose treatment group(BM group):SHRs,water-decocted solution from Semen Brassicae,1.0g/kg/d.High Semen Brassicae dose treatment group(BH group):SHRs,water-decocted solution from Semen Brassicae,2.0g/kg/d.SHRs model group(Model group):SHRs,distilled water,10ml/dPositive control group(Nifedipine group):SHRs,Nifedipine,2.7mg/Kg/d.In this study,all data of enrolled rats were assessed before and after treatment by specially-assigned persons.Then all data were collected,summarized,and statistically analyzed by SPSS26.0 software.Results1.The effects of Semen Brassicae on blood pressure:The SBP and DBP levels of SHRs in the BL group,BM group and BH group were significantly lower than those in Model group(P<0.01)after 8 weeks Semen Brassicae gavage treatment.The SBP of BL,BM and BH groups were 128.71±2.29mmHg,118.68± 2.56mmHg,and 104.6±1.73ummHg,respectively.The DBPS of the three groups respectively were 91.75±3.62mmHg,90.58±3.51mmHg and 85.1±1.06mmHg.Compared with the Nifedipine positive control group,the BH group showed a significant decrease in SBP and DBP(all P<0.05),which suggested that the efficacy of BH group was better than that of Nifedipine group.2.The effects of Semen Brassicae on vascular endothelial activity factors and vascular wall thickness:After 8 weeks of experimental intervention,the levels of ET-1 and AngII in SHRs abdominal aortic serum after treatment with three different concentrations of Semen Brassicae gavage treatments were lower than those in the Model group(all P<0.01).The results were similar to those in the Nifedipine group,suggested that Semen Brassicae could improve vascular tension.Experimental intervention after 8 weeks,SHRs thoracic aortic tissues were taken for HE staining to observe the pathological changes of SHRs aorta in five groups.The Model group SHRs thoracic aorta tissue section microscopically cells form disorder,vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophic changes.Their nucleus sizes varied.The lining of blood vessels thickened(P<0.01).Their thoracic aorta tissue section even could see a small amount of foam cell formation.In the SHRS aorta of BL group,BM group and BH group,the cell morphology tended to be normal.The nuclear sizes tended to be uniform,and the aortic wall thickness returned to normal(P<0.01).The thickened intima became thinner,no foam cells were observed.This suggested that Semen Brassicae could inhibit vascular remodeling and thickening caused by hypertension.3.The effects of Semen Brassicae on oxidative stress parameters:8 weeks later,compared with the Model group,the serum levels of vaso-activating factor NO,antioxidant enzyme SOD and GSH-PX in SHRS abdominal aorta serum of BL group,BM group and BH group with different concentrations of Semen Brassicae gavage treatments were significantly increased(P<0.01).MDA,as a product of oxidative stress,its levels were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and its result was consistent with those of the Nifedipine group.Compared with Nifedipine group,SHRs in BH group showed a more significant increase in NO level,SOD level and GSH-PX activity(P<0.01),and a more significant decrease in MDA level(P<0.01),which suggested that effects of anti-oxidative stress in BH group was better than that in Nifedipine group.4.The effects of Semen Brassicae on serum inflammatory factors:After 8 weeks of feeding,levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β,IL-6,and TGF-a in BM,BH and Nifedipine groups decreased significantly compared to those in the SHRs model group(P<0.01).In the three kinds of Semen Brassicae gavage treatments with different concentrations,the serum IL-1 β,IL-6 and TG F-α levels of SHRs in the BH group decreased the most significantly(P<0.01).5.The effects of Semen Brassicae on the expression of PPARγ,ICAM-1,MCP-1,and vWF:After 8 weeks,PPAR γ levels in the BM group,BH group and Nifedipine group were significantly higher than those in the Model group(all P<0.01).Besides,ICAM-1,MCP-1 and vWF expressions in SHRS arteries of BM group,BH group,and Nifedipine group were significantly lower than those in the Model group(all P<0.01).Among them,there was no significant difference in PPARγ,ICAM-1,MCP-1 and vWF levels between BM group and Nifedipine group(P>0.05),suggested that the efficacy of medium Semen Brassicae dose treatment group was similar to those of the positive control group.Besides,the changes of PPARγ,ICAM-1,MCP-1 and vWF in the BH group were significantly better than those in the Nifedipine group(all P<0.01).6.The effects of Semen Brassicae on NF-K B signaling:After 8 weeks,Western Blot was used to detect the effects of Semen Brassicae gavage treatments on the NF-κ B signaling pathway.Compared with the Model group,the levels of IκB-α and p-p65 NF-K B in BM,BH and Nifedipine groups decreased significantly(p<0.01),but those in BL group were not obviously(p>0.05).This re.sult prompted that middle and high dose concentration of Semen Brassicae gavage treatments may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation on vascular damage by inhibiting the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway.Therefore,Semen Brassicae could reduce blood pressure,improve vascular tension and reduce vascular remodeling.ConelusionThese results indicate that Semen Brassicae can reduce blood pressure,improve vascular tension and reduce vascular remodeling through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling,which will reduce the damage of oxidative stress and inflammatory response to vascular endothelial function in hypertension.Semen Brassicae can bring an ideal therapeutic effect on essential hypertension in hence.