Study On The Relationship Between Three Female Reproductive Tract Infections (BV,VVC,UU)

Reproductive tract infection is a common disease that affects and harms the health,especially women.Reproductive tract infection is a term for a large number of diseases that cause genital tract infections or infections through the reproductive tract due to the invasion of multiple pathogenic microorganisms.Female reproductive tract infections are characterized by high prevalence,high asymptomatic proportions,and high levels of reasonable treatment.Female reproductive tract infections can also affect offspring,and babies born to vaginal delivery and breastfeeding can obtain maternal flora,and reproductive tract pathogens will be passed on to future generations as they are delivered.And reproductive tract infections may also make vaginal microbiome imbalance during pregnancy,and pregnancy failure and premature birth and other negative reproductive outcomes.Meanwhile,it was found that infectious vaginitis is associated with inflammation such as cervicitis and phlegm and an increase in HIV susceptibility.The female reproductive tract is susceptible to multiple infections due to various factors such as anatomy,physiology,sexual activity,childbirth and hygiene practices.Among them,bacterial vaginitis(BV),vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC),and vaginitis caused by ureaplasma urealyticum(UU)are more common diseases in clinical and have a higher recurrence rate.Bacterial vaginitis(BV)is an infectious disease caused by a mixed infection of vaginal Gardnerella and some anaerobic bacteria,resulting in a disorder of microecological balance in the vagina.It is one of the most common gynecological diseases.VVC is a common and frequent vulvovaginal infection caused by fungal infections.Fungi such as Candida albicans are conditional pathogens.Studies have shown that about one-tenth of unpregnant women and about one third of the maternal genital tract has parasitic bacteria,but in most cases the amount of fungi in the reproductive tract is small and does not cause inflammatory symptoms.Vaginitis caused by ureaplasma urealyticum is one of sexually transmitted diseases.Mycoplasma is an important factor in infertility,and its pathogenic mechanism is complicated and unclear.In addition,sexual intercourse into the female reproductive tract,may cause endometritis,salpingitis,ovarian inflammation,spontaneous abortion and intrauterine stillbirth and other fertility,leading to female infertility.It is well known that the flora plays an important role in our health,and the reproductive tract is one of the most colonized sites in our body.In the dynamic process of maintaining normal vaginal micro-ecological balance,the beneficial bacteria groups of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium and Eubacteria account for more than 60% of the total bacteria in the vagina,which can effectively inhibit the development and reproduction of harmful bacteria.It plays a controlling role in regulating the balance of the vaginal flora.Numerous studies have shown that many reproductive tract infections have a certain correlation with vaginal flora imbalance.At the end of the 1880 s,foreign scholars pointed out that the occurrence of vaginitis and the reduction of the number of Lactobacillus vaginalis,other anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria over-reproduction and become a dominant flora is closely related.In recent years,various vaginitis have been studied at the bacterial and fungal levels.Among them,the study of bacterial vaginitis is the most extensive.But so far,the changes in the vaginal microecology of these three common vaginal inflammations in the same individual and the potential relationship between the three disease microecologies have not been reported.The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial and fungal levels of the reproductive tract microbiome of three common reproductive tract infections(BV,UU,VVC)in women through 16 s r RNA genome sequencing and ITS sequencing analysis respectively.A comparative analysis of the population structure of the population was conducted to screen for more accurate biomarkers at the level of bacterial and fungi in the three diseases.Besides,this study discussed whether there is a certain relationship between bacterial infection and fungal infection in different diseases,and provide a theoretical basis for the further development of personalized precision treatment.In the study,166 subjects were enrolled,including 47 healthy female,40 BV patients,47 VVC patients,and 32 UU patients.After collecting object’s reproductive tract samples and extracting the total DNA,the V1-V2 region of the bacterial 16 S r RNA gene and the ITS2 region of the fungal ITS gene were amplified,the sequencing library was constructed and high-throughput sequencing was performed.Finally,the bioinformatics analysis and statistical comparison were performed on the sequencing results.This study compared the reproductive tract flora of three common genital tract infections(BV,UU,VVC)female patients and the reproductive tract flora of healthy controls,screening three common reproductive tract infections in bacteria and specific biomarkers at the fungal level and a preliminary exploration of the potential link between fungal infections and bacterial infections.The results showed that there were significant differences in the composition of reproductive tract flora between the three common female reproductive tract infections and the healthy controls at the bacterial level.In the healthy control group,women have higher abundance of Lactobacillales in the reproductive tract,and Prevotella,Atopobium,Megasphaera and Porphyromonas are high in the BV group.The abundance of Gardnerella,Bacteroides are obviously enriched in the VVC group.In UU group,the abundances of Bifidobacterium,Streptococcus,Veillonella,and Pseudomonas are significantly increased.From the bacterial level,we found that bacterial vaginitis is the most obvious difference in species diversity,followed by fungal vaginitis,while mycoplasma vaginitis is closest to the healthy group on the bacterial level,and the p H level also showed the same trend.At the fungal level,only fungal vaginitis patients found the presence of fungi.According to the results of fungal sequencing,fungal vaginitis can be classified into fungal vaginitis infected by the genus Candia and fungal vaginitis infected by the genus Nakaseomyces.There were some differences in the structure of fungal vaginitis between the two groups.The abundance of Lactobacillus in the Nakaseomyces infection group was lower than that in the Candia infection group,and the content of Bifidobacterium and Aerococcus was high.This result indicates that there is a relationship between vaginal fungal infection and bacterial infection,which may play a guiding role in clinical treatment.