| Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into more specific cell types that make up tissues.In mammals,there are two widespread types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts,and adult stem cells found in various tissues.According to reports,the same tumor cells showed different tumorigenicity.Not all tumor cells are capable of tumor formation,and only a few tumor cells have tumorigenicity.They exhibit clonal proliferation can become tumor in immune-deficient mice.It has the characteristics of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential as stem cells.This small class of tumor cells are called cancer stem cells(CSCs).The properties are attributed to stem cell properties.The self-renewal and multipotentiality of stem cells are regulated by multiple signaling pathways.However,these signaling pathways are also highly active in many CSCs,suggesting that there are signaling pathways similar to stem cells in CSCs.One of the main way to regulate stem cells is the Wnt signaling pathway,which determines the self-renewal and cell fate of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs).The activity of this pathway can also be observed in the stem cells of other tissues,such as breast and colon.In addition to Wnt signaling,Notch signaling is essential for stem cells to maintain their properties.Compared to more differentiated cells,Notch signaling is highly active in HSCs and the inhibition of Notch signaling promotes differentiation of HSCs.CSCs have high tumorigenicity and are also called tumor initiating cells.They also have high drug resistance and tumor induction and are related to tumorigenesis,development,metastasis and recurrence closely.CSCs are very few tumor cells among tumor cells,usually dormant,and can escape the killing effect of chemotherapeutic drugs,thus show strong resistance.However,when the microenvironment and surrounding signals changed,CSCs will lose stability and enter proliferation.During the period,a large number of tumor cells are generated,thereby promoting tumorigenesis.Neuroglioma is the most common neoplastic disease in the central nervous system.It is also the most common central nervous system malignancy in adults.It originates in the glial cells of the brain or spine.Among all of the brain tumors,glioma accounts for about 30%.All over the world,the incidence of gliomas is approximately 6.3 cases per 100,000 people per year.Although the incidence is not high,the mortality rate is very high.As the most common intracranial malignancy,gliomas have always been a hotspot and difficulty in neurosurgery research.The malignant and invasive growth characteristics of glioma cells make it difficult to completely resect by the operation.Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can only delay the recurrence.Because chemotherapy easily induces toxic and side effects and glioma is resistant to various chemotherapeutic drugs,it is stringent to look for new drugs to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gliomas.This research proved that Y-27632 can inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells in vivo and in vitro using soft agar clone formation experiments and immunodeficient mouse xenograft experiments.Compared with the control group,the morphology of the Y-27632-treated cells changed significantly and the proliferation rate the soft agar colony formation rate were low;Y-27632-treated cells were transplanted into immunodeficient mice and the tumor formation was significantly inhibited.In addition,Y-27632 injections in immunodeficient mice that had formed tumors were inhibited tumor growth.In a word,our results proved that Y-27632 has a certain inhibition on the proliferation of glioma cells,which lays a certain foundation for the development of glioma drugs,and has important guiding significance for the clinical treatment of glioma diseases.It can effectively make up for the short of surgical treatment,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,improve treatment efficiency,and bring hope to patients. |
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