| Objective:To explore the effect of nutrition education on dietary knowledge,attitude and behavior of diabetic patients,and provide new ideas and theoretical basis for adjuvant treatment of diabetes.Method:A total of 200 inpatients with type 2 diabetes who were consulted by the Department of Clinical Nutrition and applied by the Department of Endocrinology of Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital from October 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the investigation subjects.Explain the purpose and significance of the survey to the respondents,and fill out the first questionnaire after obtaining informed consent of the patients.The contents of the questionnaire included:demographic and sociological characteristics,distribution of clinical characteristics,knowledge of diabetic diet,attitude of diabetic diet and lifestyle,dietary behavior and lifestyle of diabetic patients,etc.After that,the subjects were given nutrition education,including face-to-face individualized dietary guidance,group dietary education and group education.A second questionnaire was conducted after one month of nutrition education.Investigators have all received rigorous investigation training.Epi Data3.1 software was used for data collation,input and verification,and database was established.SPSS24.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Enumeration data were expressed by frequency,constituent ratio or rate,and descriptive statistical analysis was carried out;before and after nutrition education,the comparison of enumeration data between the two groups was performed by the rank sum test,and the comparison of the rate of the enumeration data between the two groups by theχ~2test.Inspection levelα=0.05,P<0.05 is a significant difference,and then explore the effect of nutrition education on diet knowledge,attitude and behavior of diabetics.Result:1.The total number of respondents was 200,including 118 males（59%）and 82females（41%）.110 of them were≥60 years old,accounting for 55.0%;186 han people,accounting for 93.0%;87（43.5%）had normal BMI and 74（37.0%）were overweight.2.Among the respondents,114 people with the course of diabetes≥10 years,accounting for 57.0%;69 people with 2 kinds of diabetes complications,accounting for 34.5%,There were 52 patients with≥4 kinds of complications,accounting for26.0%.3.After nutrition education,the awareness rate of the respondents’awareness of"diabetic patients’dietary patterns are also applicable to healthy people"in DM nutrition and diet knowledge increased from 8.5%to 92.5%,the awareness rate of"diabetic patients need to personalize their daily energy"increased from 7.5%to71.5%,"the intake of dietary fiber components can be appropriately increased to stabilize blood sugar"awareness rate increased from 18.0%to 78.5%,"understand Glycemic index（GI）,Glycemic load（GL）concept and application"awareness rate increased from 10.5%to 56.5%,and the awareness rate of"medical nutrition therapy is one of the elements of diabetes control"increased from 30.5%to 96.5%,in addition to the five items listed above,there are 41 other items,which have statistical differences before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.And those with high scores people increased from 5.5%to 80.0%,and the overall score was significantly higher than before nutrition education（P<0.05）.4.After nutrition education,there was no significant difference between"willing to take the initiative to understand diabetes nutrition-related knowledge"and before nutrition education（P>0.05）,but other attitude content had significant difference before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.5.After nutrition education,the respondents’choice of food based on"nutritive value"increased from 46.5%to 92.5%,and based on"glycemic index and/or glycemic load"increased from 9.0%to 86.5%.The rest of the attitudes and contents were improved to varying degrees,and there were significant differences before and after the nutrition education.（P<0.05）.6.After nutrition education,in the situtation that the respondents hope to obtain the knowledge of diabetes nutrition and diet,the demand proportion of medical staff（except clinical nutritionists）increased from 68%to 94%,professional clinical nutritionists from 38.5%to 97%,and professional lectures from 72.5%to 84.5%,which were significantly different from those before the nutrition education（P<0.05）.7.After nutrition education,in the dietary behaviors of respondents,the people intake of 15～19 kinds of food per week increased from 6.5%to 42.5%,and the20～25 group increased from 4.5%to 32%,and there were significant differences before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.In the frequency of livestock meat food intake,2～3 times/week increased from 39.0%to 60.5%,and there were significant differences before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.In the frequency of poultry food intake,2～3 times/week and 4～6 times/week increased significantly,and there were significant differences before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.Those who basically did not eat whole grains and mixed beans decreased from 12%before the education to 0,there were significant differences between before and after the nutrition education（P<0.05）.In the frequency of fish food intake,4～6 times/week people increased from 5%to 12%,and there was a significant difference compared with before nutrition education（P<0.05）.In the frequency of beans and soy products food intake,the number of people who eat every day has increased significantly,and there was a significant difference before and after the nutrition education（P<0.05）.In the frequency of intake of fruits,the number of people who eat 4～6 times/week and eat every day has increased significantly,and there were significant differences before and after the nutrition education（P<0.05）.The number of people who intake of vegetables of 400～499g and more than 500g everyday was significantly increased,and there were significant differences before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.The daily dairy intake of milk of 200～299g and more than 300g in respondents increased significantly,and there were significant differences between before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.The intake of 1～2 eggs and 3～4 eggs per week in respondents increased significantly,and there were significant differences between before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.Respondents daily intake of nuts of 20～29g and 30～39g increased significantly,and there were significant differences between before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.Those who consumed 25～29g of cooking oil per day increased from 36%to 46%,and there was a significant difference between before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.The daily intake of less than 6g of salt in respondents increased from 12%to 65.5%,the consumption of 6～11g and more than 18g per day decreased significantly,and there were significant differences between before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.In the meal order of respondents,those who ate vegetables/meat dishes first,followed by staple food,increased from 10.0%to 80.0%,and there was a significant difference before and after the nutrition education（P<0.05）.Among respondents,the breakfast meal time of less than 15 minutes decreased to 23.0%,while the 15～19 minutes increased from 37.0%to 69.5%;the number of people whose lunch and dinner time were 25～29 minutes increased from 12.0%to46.5%,and there were significant differences before and after the nutrition education（P<0.05）.In all the eating habits of respondents,the number of people with good eating habits increased significantly,and there were significant differences between before and after nutrition education（P<0.05）.8.After nutrition education,among the smoking status of surveyed subjects,those who did not smoke or quit smoking and those with<7 cigarettes/week increased,while those with 10～19 cigarettes/day and≥20 cigarettes/day decreased significantly.There was a significant difference between before and after nutrition education.（P<0.05）.In the frequency of alcohol consumption among diabetic patients,those who did not drink or abstain from alcohol increased from 77.5%before education to 92.5%,however,those who drank alcohol for 1～2 times/week decreased from 9.0%to 2.0%,and there were significant differences before and after the education（P<0.05）.Conclusion:1.The awareness rate of DM nutrition and diet knowledge of the surveyed subjects has been improved to varying degrees after nutrition education.2.Nutrition education can change the attitude of respondents towards positive diet and correct lifestyle;make it clear the right way to get knowledge about diabetes nutrition and diet and improve the ability to choose food scientifically.3.Nutrition education can influence the eating behavior of respondents,,understand the importance of food diversity,and make scientific adjustments to the selection of various foods.4.Nutrition education has a good impact on the lifestyle of the respondents,which can promote their compliance with a healthy lifestyle,and then change their bad living habits. |
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