Optical Coherence Tomography To Observe And Compare The Efficacy Of Aflibercept And Ranibizumab In The Treatment Of Diabetic Macular Edema

Objective:To compare the efficacy of aflibercept and ranibizumab in the treatment of DME.Methods:Retrospective analysis of data from 36 eyes of 20 patients diagnosed with DME and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from January 2019,through February 2021.The patients were split into two groups according to the type of drugs,namely,the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group.BCVA,CMT,VOL and AT of the patients were recorded before and one month after surgery.SPSS 23.0 was used to analyse data.Results:A total of 20 patients(36 eyes)were included in the study,including 11patients(19 eyes)in the aflibercept group and 9 patients(17 eyes)in the ranibizumab group.Baseline Characteristics are normally distributed.There were no significant differences in age,intraocular pressure,preoperative BCVA,preoperative CMT,preoperative VOL and preoperative AT between the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group.After 1 month of treatment,there was no significant difference in BCVA,CMT,VOL,AT(P=0.186,0.662,0.151,0.164>0.05).BCVA before treatment(0.74±0.20,0.62±0.26)was compared with BCVA 1 month after treatment(0.63±0.22,0.52±0.24)between the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group.CMT before treatment(428.37±165.56μm,517.71±196.19μm)was compared with CMT 1 month after treatment(357.32±125.07μm,375.41±120.4μm)between the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group.VOL before treatment(13.63±2.23mm~3,15.54±2.64mm~3)was compared with VOL 1 month after treatment(12.41±2.036mm~3,13.31±1.61mm~3)between the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group.AT before treatment(378.74±61.97μm,418.65±56.37μm)was compared with AT 1 month after treatment(345.11±56.51μm,369.29±45.23μm)between the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group.There was no statistical significance in BCVA(t=2.483,2.486,P=0.023,0.024<0.05),CMT(t=3.640,3.606,P=0.002,0.002<0.05),VOL(t=5.193,5.280,P=0.000,0.000<0.05)and AT(t=5.080,5.290,P=0.000,0.000<0.05)between the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group.In the ranibizumab group,the correlation coefficient(r)between the changes of BCVA before and after treatment and the changes of CMT,VOL and AT are respectively-0.001,0.287,0.232,and|r|<0.4,P>0.05,no statistical significance.In the aflibercept group,the correlation coefficient(r)between the changes of BCVA before and after treatment and the changes of CMT,VOL and AT are respectively 0.147,0.333,0.338,and|r|<0.4,P>0.05,no statistical significance.Adverse reactions:During the study period,patients in both groups did not have high intraocular pressure,posterior vitreous detachment,vitreous hemorrhage,endophthalmitis,or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.Subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients,which was observed and followed up.The signs disappeared 2 weeks later.Conclusions:Both aflibercept and ranibizumab can improve visual function and reduce macular retinal thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema.There was no significant difference between aflibercept and ranibizumab in improving visual acuity and macular edema.There was no correlation between the changes of BCVA and OCT parameters before and after treatment in the aflibercept group and the ranibizumab group.