| ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between egg consumption and the level of blood lipids levels and dyslipidemia with its sub-types in Chinese adults.MethodsThis study was based on three large prospective cohorts of the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR).A face-to-face survey of 105 930 subjects was conducted in 2007～2008,including questionnaire,physical examination and blood sample collection,as well as lipid profile testing(including total cholesterol [TC],triglyceride [TG],higher-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C])and calculate lower-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and non-higher-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)levels.The same uniform method was used to repeat the survey from 2012 to 2015.Using a standardized food frequency method,participants were asked how often and how much they ate eggs over the past year.According to the number of eggs consumed per week,the study subjects were divided into three groups: low egg consumption group(<3 eggs per week),moderate egg consumption group(3–<6 eggs per week)and high egg consumption group(≥6 eggs per week).Dyslipidemia was defined as TC≥240mg/d L and/or TG≥200 mg/d L and/or LDL-C≥160 mg/d L and/or HDL-C < 40mg/d L and/or use of lipid-lowering medications within the past 2 weeks.The group differences of basic characteristics were compared by analysis of variance,Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test.Compared with low egg consumption group,the mean difference(MD)and 95% confidence interval(CI)were calculated using generalized estimating equation(GEE)with unstructured working correlation matrix to calculate the effect of moderate and high egg consumption groups on the levels of blood lipids indicators.Discrete-time survival analysis models were used to calculate odds ratios(OR)and 95% CI of moderate and high egg consumption groups on the incidence of dyslipidemia and its four sub-types.Stratified analysis was performed by gender,age,geographic region,current smoking,current alcohol consumption,and body weight status.Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the stability of the main results:(1)further adjustment for hypertension and diabetes;(2)excluding subjects with metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes,hypertension and obesity in 2007～2008 to assess the associations on healthy populations;(3)further adjustment for the corresponding levels of lipid indicators from 2007 to 2008 in the four sub-types of dyslipidemia.Results1.Among 60,952 participants included in the analysis of blood lipids levels,23,218(38.09%)were males and the mean age at the 2007～2008 visit was 52.52 years and the average egg consumption of participants was 6.58 eggs/per week.A total of 43 144 subjects,including 15,798 males(36.62%),were included in the analysis of dyslipidemia.And 11,719 cases of dyslipidemia(27.16%)occurred after a mean follow-up of 5.77 years(249 139.21 person years).Among the moderate consumption of eggs(3–<6/week),people had higher proportion of males,living in urban areas,living from southern China,current smokers,current drinkers,and those with per capita monthly income of the family of 1,000 CNY or more.2.Compared with those who consumed <3 eggs/week,consumption of 3–<6eggs/week was significantly associated with reduced levels of TC(MD:-0.606 mg/d L,95% CI:-1.129,-0.084),TG(MD:-1.465 mg/d L,95% CI:-2.852,-0.079),LDL-C(MD:-0.848 mg/d L,95% CI:-1.318,-0.377),and non-HDL-C(MD:-1.071 mg/d L,95% CI:-1.581,-0.561)and increased levels of HDL-C(MD: 0.461 mg/d L,95% CI:0.240,0.682).Consumption of ≥6 eggs/week was significantly associated with increased levels of TC(MD: 1.795 mg/d L,95% CI: 1.315,2.275),LDL-C(MD:1.763 mg/d L,95% CI: 1.337,2.189),HDL-C(MD: 0.815 mg/d L,95% CI: 0.612,1.018),and non-HDL-C(MD: 0.917 mg/d L,95% CI: 0.452,1.381)and reduced levels of TG(MD:-4.208 mg/d L,95% CI:-5.485,-2.931).Moderate egg consumption(3–<6 eggs/week)was only significantly associated with lower TG levels in women and had a protective effect on lipid indicator levels in the southern population.3.Compared with those who consumed <3 eggs/week,consumption of 3–<6eggs/week was significantly associated with lower risk of dyslipidemia(OR: 0.937,95% CI: 0.911,0.964),high TC(OR: 0.931,95% CI: 0.884,0.980),high LDL-C(OR:0.916,95% CI: 0.864,0.970),and low HDL-C(OR: 0.934,95% CI: 0.900,0.970),but nonsignificant association was observed with high TG(OR: 0.954,95% CI: 0.908,1.002).Nonsignificant associations were also observed for dyslipidemia or its sub-types in the consumption of ≥6 eggs/week,corresponding ORs(95% CIs)of dyslipidemia,high TC,high TG,high LDL-C,and low HDL-C was 1.006(0.981,1.032),0.990(0.944,1.038),0.967(0.925,1.010),0.999(0.948,1.053),and 1.005(0.973,1.038),respectively.Moderate egg consumption(3–< eggs/week)was associated with a significantly lower risk of dyslipidemia among women,current non-smokers,current non-drinkers,and those with normal weight status.Conclusions1.Moderate egg consumption is associated with reduced TC,TG,LDL-C,and non-HDL-C and increased HDL-C levels.And it is also associated with a 6.2%reduction in the risk of dyslipidemia,which mainly reduce the risk of high TC,high LDL-C and low HDL-C,but is not significantly associated with the risk of high TG.2.High egg consumption is associated with reduced TG and increased TC,LDL-C,HDL-C and non-HDL-C levels.And there is no significant association with the risk of either dyslipidemia or its four sub-types.3.Moderate egg consumption may prevent the increase of atherosclerotic lipid levels and reduce the occurrence of potential dyslipidemia.However,the exact relationship between high egg consumption and the occurrence or disease of dyslipidemia still needs to be further studied.In order to better prevent and control the occurrence and development of dyslipidemia and promote the protection of blood lipid levels,it is recommended that the general adult population should consume 3 to6 eggs per week... |
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