Effects Of Plant-row Configuration On Growth And Plant Nutrients Of Winter Wheat In South Xinjiang

In order to explore the suitable planting pattern of evenly roascasting winter wheat in southern Xinjiang,this experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Tarim University,two different panicle varieties（multi-panicle variety Xindong 22 and large panicle variety Xindong 50）were selected as materials,and the row spacing and plant spacing were set as 15 cm×1.7 cm,12.5 cm×2 cm,10 cm×2.5 cm,7.5 cm×3.3 cm and 5 cm×5 cm,the differences of winter wheat population quality,dry matter accumulation and transport,plant nutrients,yield and its components under different plant and row configuration conditions were determined.The results are as follows:1.The total stem number of different panicle types increased first and then decreased with the development of growth,and reached the maximum at jointing stage.The tillers in the first year was much higher than that in the second year.The large panicle variety Xindong 50 ranged from 1300 to 1600×10⁴·ha^-2,and showed an increasing trend with the decrease of row spacing in two consecutive years.2.Under the same density,the dry matter accumulation of wheat decreased with the gradually increased row spacing.The formation of grain yield of winter wheat is mainly characterized by post-anthesis assimilation transport.Appropriately reducing row spacing can significantly improve pre-anthesis dry matter transport and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation of winter wheat,which is beneficial to increase wheat yield.3.The grain weight of winter wheat was positively correlated with the average filling rate and the maximum filling rate,and the earlier the maximum filling rate was,the better the grain filling was.The filling rate of gradual,fast and slow growth stages significantly affected the grain weight,but the grain weight had no obvious relationship with the duration of each stage of filling.4.Under the same density condition,the ratio of subpanicle internode length to total internode length was significantly positively correlated with grain yield.Reducing row spacing had no significant effect on the multi-panicle varieties,but had significant effect on the plant height composition index and population leaf type of large panicle varieties.Increasing the width of the upper three leaves of the multi-panicle variety Xindong 22 could positively effect the grain yield,howeber negatively affect the 1000-grain weight.Increasing the length and area of the upper one leaf of the large panicle variety Xindong 50 could increase its yield and improve the grain quality at the same time.5.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in shoot of winter wheat with different panicle types appeated the same trends,but the uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by plants with different row spacing was different.The accumulation of N and P of multi-panicle variety Xindong 22 increased gradually with the advance development,and the K accumulation was different from that of N and P,which peaked at flowering stage and decreased thereafter.Under the condition of high density planting,the nutrient accumulation of large panicle cultivar Xindong 50 increased linearly from overwintering stage to maturity stage.6.The grain yield of multi-panicle variety Xindong 22 increased with row spacing reduction in 2018-2019,but the yield of B₃,B₄and B₅treatments decreased significantly in 2019-2020 due to lodging at heading stage.In the two consecutive years,the grain yield of large panicle cultivar Xindong 50 was significantly higher under B₅treatment with equal plant and row spacing than other treatments.With the row spacing reduced to uniform state（equal plant and row spacing）,the seed distribution was more uniform,the intra competition was strong,and the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight decreased.7.With the decrease of row spacing and the increase of plant spacing,the distribution of plants in the field tended to be uniform,and the single plant dominance of wheat was obvious,and the population tiller increased.Although affected by the decrease of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight,the final yield showed an increasing trend due to the increase of grain number per spike without lodging.Under the planting density of 4 million plants·ha in Southern Xinjiang,the uniform planting pattern with the same plant spacing and row spacing was the best planting pattern,but the multi-spike variety population was too large,and there was a risk of lodging.