Comparative Study On Photosynthetic Characteristics And Fruit Quality Of The Superior Plant Of Almond

At present,the quantity and variety of almond in our country can not meet the demand of consumers,and can only be solved by a large number of imports,it is urgent to strengthen the cultivation of improved varieties.In this experiment,6 superior plants of Almond were selected as the research object,variance analysis,principal component analysis,correlation analysis and subordinate function analysis were used to compare the growth characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality,in order to screen out the better comprehensive performance of the superior plants,and ultimately for the selection of almond varieties and superior breeding parents to provide a reference,the results showed that:（1）The grafting survival rate of almond is between 46.67%and 93.33%,the grafting survival rate of Superior Plant 5 is the highest,the rapid growth period of branch and leaf is from May 20 to May 28,and the leaf area is between 1463.02 mm²and 2335.09 mm²,leaf weight ranged from 0.35 g to 0.57 g,Leaf area and leaf weight were the largest,leaf SPAD value ranged from 33.42 to 42.97.The leaf tissue porosity（SR）,spongy tissue thickness,palisade tissue thickness and leaf blade thickness were the largest in Superior Plant 3 and the cuticle thickness of Superior Plant 1,the first branch length is between 48.60 cm and 91.50 cm,and the first branch diameter is between 10.80 mm and 19.67 mm,the average number of branches was between 1.00 and 2.00,and the first branch length of Superior Plant 3 was the longest and the coarsest.（2）The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate（Pn）and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration（Ci）showed a"bimodal curve",and the diurnal variation of intercellular carbon dioxide concentration（Ci）showed a"U-shaped curve".The maximum light saturation point（LSP）and maximum net photosynthetic rate（Pnmax）of Superior Plant 3 were 1834.39μmol·m^-2·s^-1and 23.70μmol·m^-2·s^-1,respectively.The apparent quantum efficiency（AQY）of Superior Plant 5 was the highest(0.062μmol·m^-2·s^-1),and the light compensation point（LCP）was the lowest(26.32μmol·m^-2·s^-1).The dark respiration rate of the best Superior Plant 4 was 0.94μmol·m^-2·s^-1.Superior Plant 1,Superior Plant 3,Superior Plant 5 and Superior Plant 6 had higher Fm,Fv/Fm,q P,Yield and ETR values,and had strong ability to capture and transfer light,and had strong fluorescence ability.（3）The fruit appearance of almond superior plant was different;The net weight of drupe ranged from1.35 g to 2.66 g.The nucleolar net weight ranged from 0.75 g to 1.27 g.The core shell thickness of superior plant 2 mm was only 0.67 mm,and the kernel rate was 70.47%,which was significantly higher than other superior plants.The soluble protein content of prunus prunus fruit ranged from 31.08 mg/g to 45.81 mg/g.The soluble sugar content ranged from 46.48 mg/g to 61.84 mg/g.The crude fat content ranged from36.81%to 44.56%;Amygdalin content ranged from 19.46μg/g to 62.36μg/g.The contents of total amino acids ranged from 111.43 mg/g to 192.62 mg/g,and the proportion of essential amino acids to total amino acids ranged from 24.00%to 25.00%.Through comprehensive membership function evaluation of 6 almond superior plants,it was concluded that Superior Plant 3,Superior Plant 6 and Superior Plant 5 had better growth characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics.The fruit appearance quality and internal quality of Superior Plant 4,5 and 3were better.The growth characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Superior Plant 3and 5 were the best.