Effects Of Supplemental-lighting Ways On Growth,Development Of Overwintering Tomatoes In Facilities And Economic Analysis

Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum,Mill.)is one of the greenhouse crops with a large planting area in China.As a species that loves warmth and light,light plays a vital role in its growth and development.Yangtze Plain,Middle and Lower,a low-value area of solar radiation resulting in a low-temperature weak light growth adversity,is planted overwintering tomatoes.In view of this,supplemental-lighting of tomato has gradually developed.At present,in the supplemental-lighting of tomato market,four different supplemental-lighting ways,mainly HPS and LED,are formed:top HPS(H),top LED(L),top HPS+inter-canopy LED(HL)and LED+inter-canopy LED(LL).Field growers have different evaluations about the effects of different supplemental-lighting ways,so,this article uses this as a starting point to explore effects of different supplemental-lighting ways on the growth,development and fruit quality of greenhouse overwintering tomatoes,and analysis of the economics of different supplemental-lighting ways,the results show that:1.Effects of supplemental-lighting ways on the yield and biomass distribution of overwintering tomato in facilitiesFour different supplement-lighting ways can significantly increase the biomass level of tomato "Provence" and "Aruru".The supplemental-lighting treatment groups promote the increase of tomato yield by accelerating the vegetative growth of plants.The LED supplemental-lighting treatment promotes root organisms to Increase,expanding the ability of tomato plants to absorb nutrients,and increases the yield of tomatoes.The HPS supplemental-lighting treatment increases the yield of tomatoes through the growth of stem biomass and improves the efficiency of tomato.Adding the inter-canopy LED can promote the biomass to the leaves growth,the order of increasing yield from high to low is,top LED+inter-canopy LED(LL)>top HPS+inter-canopy LED(HL)≈top LED(L)>top HPS(H),Supplemental-lighting promotes root biomass growth has a significant effect that increasing the yield compared to the stem.2.Effects of supplemental-lighting ways on plant dynamic growth on vegetative growth period and leaf physiology during tomato fruitingDifferent supplemental-lighting ways can accelerate the growth process of early tomato growth.The supplemental-lighting treatment groups H and L promote tomato plant height elongation and accelerate the growth rate of stem thickness.Although H increases the growth rate of leaf area,was no significant increase in the expansion of leaf area.The growth of the treatment groups HL and LL was increased after added the inter-canopy LED between them,and the growth of two groups shifted to leaves during this time.Supplemental-lighting treatment LL maintains good photosynthetic pigment content during tomato fruit setting period,photosynthetic rate and light energy utilization rate are close to natural state,Chlorophyll content of tomato leaves of HPS was decreased during the late growth stage,Photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light(Fv’/Fm’)kept higher value,the Non photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)was increased after adding the inter-canopy LED,which weakens the ability of this early overdrawn chlorophyll molecule to bring a negative effect.The content of photosynthetic products in the leaves of the supplemental-lighting treatment groups LL,L are higher than CK,was significantly improved after the inter-canopy LED was added to H.The soluble protein and VC content in the supplemental-lighting treatment groups were significantly increased,promoting the leaf physiological activities to become more active,and the antioxidant capacity of leaf was stronger than before.3.Effects of supplemental-lighting ways on tomato fruit quality and economic analysisDifferent supplemental-lighting ways can significantly improve the soluble solids,soluble sugar content,and acid mass fraction of tomato fruits,among them,the LL has a best state.After the top LED integrated the inter-canopy LED,The fruit quality was significantly improved,however,the H was no visible change.In the different supplemental-lighting ways,the LL has the highest power utilization efficiency and investment return rate.The top supplemental-lighting added the inter-canopy LED,improving the power utilization rate and input return rate.For tomatoes with high price,the gap was reduced when the inter-canopy LED was added to the H compare to the top LED.4.Effects of tomato growth dynamics and leaf photosynthesis on the formation of tomato yield and qualityHPS and LED fill light promote the increase of yield through different mechanisms.Fill light treatment LL and L increase tomato yield by increasing the growth status of tomato roots,leaves and fruiting stage,and at the same time,it also has a certain effect on tomato fruit quality.Effect.The treatment H mainly improves the yield by changing the transportation status of the stem,but the long-term supplementary light irradiation will have an adverse effect on the health of the leaves in the later stages of growth.Adding LED supplemental light will restore the leaves to a certain extent.The improvement of tomato fruit quality is not obvious.