| Under the general trend of comprehensive prohibition of feed and the reduction and restriction of antibody at the cultured ends,developing safe and efficient TCM alternative anti-bacterial products has become a research focus for prevention and control of bacterial diseases in the livestock culture.in this study,we investigated the effects on the growth performance,immune function,intestinal mucosal barrier,antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora of Jianghan chickens by adding Flos populi oral solution to test chicken drinking water,To provide a theoretical basis for the application of Flos populi oral liquid in cultivation and the development of alternative antibody products.A total of 160 similarly weighed and healthy 1-day-old Jianghan chickens were randomly divided into five groups of 32 chickens each with CK in the blank control group and ER in the enrofloxacin group(60μg/m L),Flos populi PF2 group(200μg/m L),Flos populi PF4 group(400μg/m L)and Flos populi PF8 group(800μg/m L),serum was isolated from four chickens in each group at test days 21 and42,antioxidation and each immune index were assessed by a kit,spleen and small intestine were collected,m RNA expression levels of immune and intestinal mucosal barrier related genes were assessed by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and cecal contents were collected for analysis of the test chicken cecal flora by three generation sequencing using full-length 16 Sr DNA amplicons.The results of growth index detection showed that the test chicken feed weight ratio of Flos populi PF4 group at 21 and 42 days of age was decreased by 16.75% and11.60%,respectively,compared with the blank control group,indicating that Flos populi oral solution has a certain growth promoting effect.The immune index results showed that compared with the CK group,the spleen index of the 21 d and 42 d test chickens in the Flos populi PF4 group increased by 35.29%and 26.31%,and the bursa index increased by 38.30% and 18.18%,respectively;21days after the addition of the Flos populi,the serum NOS of each group of chickens was added.The levels of NO and NO were significantly lower than those of CK and ER groups(P<0.05),while serum lysozyme increased by 36.73%,37.79% and 23.32%compared with CK,respectively;JCHAIN and AVBD2 m RNA in chicken spleen of Flos populi PF4 group on 21 d and 42 d The expression level was significantly higher than that of the CK group and the ER group(P<0.05);the ratio of the height of the duodenal villi to the crypt depth(V/C)of the chicken duodenal villi in the three dose groups of Flos populi on 21 d and 42d(V/C)and the jejunum and ileum of the Flos populi PF4 group The V/C values were significantly higher than those in the CK group(P<0.05);the expression levels of MUC2,occludin and PIGR m RNA in the jejunum of 42-dayold chickens in the Flos populi PF4 group were 2.08 times,3.11 times and 3.67 times that of the CK group,respectively.It shows that Flos populi oral liquid can increase the serum lysozyme to up-regulate the junction chain of polymer Ig A and Ig M in the spleen JCHAIN protein,β-defensin 2,tight junction protein occludin,mucin MUC2 and polymer immunoglobulin receptor(p Ig R).To maintain the intestinal mucosal barrier function and enhance the immune function of Jianghan chicken.The results of antioxidant indexes showed that,Compared with the blank control group,T-AOC and T-SOD in the serum of 42 day old chickens in the three dosage groups of Flos populi spp.,while the serum MDA content significantly decreased(P<0.05),indicating that Flos populi oral solution also has a certain antioxidant effect.Caecal flora analysis results showed a total of 573285 valid data after sequencing and quality control,for which clustering OTUs was found,the number of OTUs in the sequencing data of the caecal flora of chickens with the addition of Flos populi oral solution group,the Shannon and Simpson indexes,which measure the species diversity of caecal flora,the Chao1 index,which measures the abundance of flora,and the phylogenetic diversity index(PD＿whole＿Tree)were significantly higher than those of the CK and ER groups(P<0.05);Beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in the structure of the intestinal flora among the groups,and the addition of oral solution of Flos populi tree increased the species diversity and richness of the cecal flora in the test chickens,while enrofloxacin significantly changed the structure of the cecal flora and decreased the species diversity.The addition of poplar flowers in each group of test chickens can significantly reduce the relative abundance of Tenericutes,while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the enrofloxacin group was significantly increased(P<0.05);At the genus level,the relative abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria(SCFAs)in each group of Flos populi increased,and the abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria decreased,while the abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria increased in the enrofloxacin group;Lefse analysis showed that the addition of Flos populi oral solution significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides(P<0.05).The oral solution of populi officinalis has certain growth promoting and antioxidant effects,which can enhance immunity and intestinal mucosal barrier function,increase caecal microbial diversity,increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria,and decrease the proportion of harmful bacteria in the Jianghan chicken,while long-term enrofloxacin addition can cause intestinal flora Dysbiosis,species diversity reduction,immune and intestinal barrier function decline,which were considered to be400μg/m L concentration water fed Flos populi oral solution had the best effect,so as to compare the ideal alternative products. |
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