Screening And Regulation Of Key Genes For Reindeer’s Seasonal Migration

The reindeer(Rangifer tarandus)is a circum-arctic animal.It is distributed in the northern part of Eurasia and the subarctic region.A decisive role.Because they have lived in the Arctic for a long time,reindeers have a certain degree of adaptability to the environment.Cold resistance and migration are manifestations of adaptation to the environment.Migration is the response of animals to spatial changes in environmental conditions due to seasonal changes.This response is driven by a variety of factors to move to a more suitable environment for survival,minimizing competition,predation,infection,or parasitism.Seasonal rhythms play a vital role in the migration of reindeer.The reindeer perceives the change of light through the eyes,which triggers the reindeer’s seasonal rhythm clock and perceives the change of the seasons.In addition to the perception of the seasons,reindeer can smoothly travel between the Arctic tundra and southern Taiga during their migration.Memory and collective factors are also indispensable.And in the migration navigation mechanism,cognitive maps also play an important role.Human activities and climate change have had a huge impact on migratory animals.Seasonal migration plays an important role in the survival of animals,but due to the uncontrollability of migratory animals,there is a lack of research on the mechanism of animal migration.In this study,reindeer living in Mongolia is the main research object.Based on previous studies on reindeer,the bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data has revealed the regulation mechanism pathways of reindeer’s seasonal migration and cultivated both reindeer and sika deer.Skin fibroblasts and reindeer retinal cells have verified the important genes in the reindeer migration regulation mechanism at the RNA level.The main findings are as follows:1.Through the analysis of the reindeer transcriptome data,the expression level was calculated,and 21803 genes in the six tissues in the reindeer transcriptome data were analyzed.The up-regulated genes accounted for 22% of the total genes,and the down-regulated genes were 4485.It accounts for 21% of the total genes,and 1687low-expressed genes account for 7.7% of the total genes.2.Screened out 93 important genes in the reindeer migration,and performed GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis.3.According to the enrichment analysis,important pathways involved in the migration of reindeers were discovered.Such as the c AMP pathway.4.RNA from the four tissues of reindeer and sika deer skin fibroblasts,reindeer retinal cells,and reindeer heart,liver,kidney,and muscle were extracted,and q PCR verification was performed on three important genes in the reindeer migration: OPN4,PER1,and CRY2.