| The evaluation of farmland irrigation benefits is an important reference for formulating policies related to agricultural water prices.The traditional estimation of farmland irrigation benefits only considers the economic benefits,which is not conducive to deal with the relationship between farmland irrigation,ecological environment and economic development.Therefore,the ecological benefits of farmland irrigation should be fully considered in the construction of modern farmland irrigation system.In order to establish a scientific price system of farmland irrigation water,it is necessary to take the externality of farmland irrigation benefit into it,quantify and reasonably share its value,so as to coordinate the contradiction between water price and farmers and realize a scientific and reasonable subsidy system.Taking Shaanxi Province as the research area,this paper uses emergy analysis method to evaluate and analyze the external benefits of farmland irrigation.On this basis,taking Baojixia Irrigation District as the research object,this paper studies the current agricultural water supply cost and water price sharing subsidy.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)Research on farmland irrigation benefit evaluation model and agricultural water price sharing subsidy model.From the perspective of ecological economics,externality theory,and irrigation water utilization,the benefits of farmland irrigation are defined and divided into two parts:internal benefits(direct benefits)and external benefits(indirect benefits).It also analyzes the composition and manifestation of the external benefits of farmland irrigation,and divides them into:climate regulation benefits,water conservation benefits,soil maturation benefits,dust reduction benefits and biodiversity protection benefits.Guided by the emergy theory analysis method,an evaluation model for the internal and external benefits of farmland irrigation was constructed.From the perspective of the stakeholders of farmland irrigation,the direct beneficiaries(farmers)and the indirect beneficiaries(the public)of farmland irrigation were determined,and the internal and external benefit sharing method was adopted to construct the agricultural water price sharing model.On this basis,considering factors such as farmers’ability to bear water prices and willingness to pay,an agricultural water price subsidy model was constructed.(2)Evaluation of external benefits of farmland irrigation in the study area.The external benefit evaluation model of farmland irrigation was used to evaluate the external benefits of farmland irrigation from 2008 to 2018 in the three regions of Guanzhong,Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi Province.The results show that:in terms of time series,the total external benefit value of farmland irrigation in various regions of Shaanxi Province shows an overall increasing trend,and the growth rate is the highest in southern Shaanxi.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the order of various external benefits of farmland irrigation in each region is basically the same,but there are differences in numerical values.Among them,the various external benefits in Guanzhong and Northern Shaanxi are in the same order,that is,from large to small:water conservation benefits>biodiversity protection benefits>climate regulation benefits>soil maturation benefits>dust reduction benefits;To the small order:biodiversity protection>water conservation benefits>climate regulation benefits>soil maturation benefits>dust reduction benefits.Based on the external benefits of farmland irrigation in various regions from 2008 to 2018,the average external benefits of farmland irrigation in southern Shaanxi,Guanzhong,and northern Shaanxi are 2138.59×10~6yuan,953.96×10~6 yuan,and 78.80×10~6 yuan,respectively.(3)Evaluation of internal and external benefits of farmland irrigation in typical irrigated areas.Taking Baojixia Irrigation Area as a typical irrigated area,the average allocation coefficient of internal benefit of farmland irrigation from 2008 to 2018 was determined to be0.10 based on the proportion of the emergy of farmland irrigation input to the total emergy of farmland production system.Combined with the allocation coefficient of internal benefit of irrigation water and the emergy of agricultural products produced by farmland,Thus,the average internal benefit of farmland irrigation in the irrigated area is 17.13×10~8 yuan,that is,the internal benefit generated by single water is 2.79 yuan.The external benefit of farmland irrigation in irrigated areas was assessed by using the proportion method of irrigation water consumption to apportion the external benefit of Guanzhong region.The result was 0.66×10~8 yuan,and the external benefit generated by single water was 0.355yuan(4)Analysis and calculation of agricultural water price sharing in typical irrigated areas.Combined with the internal and external benefits of farmland irrigation in the irrigated area and the water price data of agricultural water supply cost,the sharing coefficient and share of beneficiaries in the irrigated area are determined.Since it is difficult to specify indirect beneficiaries,the government bears the water price of external benefits in the actual sharing process in this paper.The results are as follows:the direct beneficiaries and indirect beneficiaries share coefficients are 0.89 and 0.11,respectively;For the current cost of agricultural water supply in irrigated areas,farmers and the government should share 0.902yuan/m~3 and 0.111 yuan/m~3,respectively.For the water price of the current operation cost of agricultural water supply in irrigated areas,farmers and the government should share0.674 yuan/m~3and 0.083 yuan/m~3 respectively.(5)Analysis and calculation of the affordable water price of farmers in typical irrigated areas.The affordable water price range of different crops was calculated by using the water price tolerance index method,and the water price shared by farmers was compared with this range.The affordable water price range of farmers planting food crops ranges from0.017 yuan/m~3 to 0.517 yuan/m~3.The affordable water price of farmers planting cash crops ranges from 0.217 yuan/m~3 to 1.850 yuan/m~3.The results of the comparison show that the water price shared by farmers exceeds the range that farmers who grow food crops can bear,but it is within the range that farmers who grow cash crops can bear.By comparing the current water price with the affordable water price,it is determined that the current water price of grain crops in the irrigation area is 0.326 yuan/m~3 and the water price of economic crops is 0.365 yuan/m~3 as reasonable water prices.(6)Analysis and calculation of agricultural water price subsidy in typical irrigated areas.According to the water price that farmers can bear and the water price that farmers share,the range of agricultural water price subsidy in the irrigated area is further obtained.If the full cost water price is implemented,the water price of grain crops and cash crops should be subsidized from 0.385 yuan/m~3 to 0.885 yuan/m~3 and from 0 yuan/m~3 to 0.685 yuan/m~3respectively.If the operating cost water price is implemented,the water price of grain crops and cash crops should be subsidized from 0.157 yuan/m~3 to 0.657 yuan/m~3 and from 0 yuan/m~3 to 0.457 yuan/m~3 respectively.The amount of water for grain crops and the amount of water for cash crops will be set according to the current water price and the water price shared by farmers.In order to achieve the full cost water price,the water price of grain crops and the water price of commercial crops should be subsidized by 0.576 yuan/m~3 and0.537 yuan/m~3 respectively.In order to achieve the water price of operation cost,the water price of grain crops and the water price of cash crops should be subsidized by 0.348 yuan/m~3 and 0.309 yuan/m~3 respectively. |
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