Morpholgy And Character Identification Of Homostylic Common Buckwheat Lines And Studying On The Production Of Its Varieties

Buckwheat is an important coarse grain crop,which has been paid more attention in diet and medical treatment.because it is a self incompatible cross pollination crop and have a low setting percentage,Therefore,the main limiting factor of buckwheat industry development is yield.We selected homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat lines which setting percentage is much higher than common buckwheat by using the hybridization between homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat and wild buckwheat.Therefore,the evaluation and screening of homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat varieties(lines)and the exploration of their production potential are great significance for their high-yield breeding and application.This study is divided into two parts: Part Ι is to identify the morphological characteristics and 10 agronomic characters of 91 homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat lines and 1 common buckwheat,PartⅡis to study the yield potential of5 planting densities of homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat varietie.The follows are main results:(1)Morphological characteristics of homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat.The 91 homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat lines show rich types of variation in the roots,stems,leaves,flowers and fruits.Main stem color,leaf color,leaf vein color,leaf shape,bud color,inflorescence shape,flower density,mature grain color,the first section of stem and branch angle have a large variation,and the petal color,before grain ripens color characteristics are small variation.The form of homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat is mainly manifested as the main root system,red-green or red main stem color,green/heart-shaped blade,white petals and bud,bigger stigma and ovary,compact strain,low node,small black grain.(2)Fercharacteristics and agricultural characteristics of homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat.They have a short birth period,are early and medium mature varieties,74 strains were less than 75 D,accounting for 81.3% of test materials.The agronomic characters of 91 homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat are lower than common buckwheat,but the economic characters are higher than the latter.The variation analysis of growth and agronomic traits of 91 lines showed that the number of secondary branches、the number of grains per plant and the grain weight per plant have large variation.The correlation analysis showed that the number of secondary branches(r=0.665),and the number of flower clusters(r =0.779)(grains)per plant(r =0.876)are the three indexes which have significant correlation with grain weight per plant.After analysis,4 PCA are extracted(grain number per plant,plant height,main stem branch and grain weight).Through linear regression and path analysis,three main factors affecting grain weight per plant(branch number of main stem,grain number per plant,1000 grain weight)are selected,and the direct and indirect effects of several factors on grain weight per plant are obtained.91 materials are classified into 5 types by cluster analysis.(3)The seed setting percentage of homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat.Under the isolation condition,the seed setting percentage of homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat was between 21.40% and 47.72%,which were all self fruiting varieties.Compared with the setting percentage of Pingqiao 2(1.38%),the seed setting rate was greatly improved.Under different densities,the seed setting percentage of Xinong D4103 was 17.8%-22.4%,which was significantly higher than that of Xinong9976(8.0%).(4)Agronomic characters and yield performance of homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat under different densities.The results showed that the growth period,plant height,node number of main stem and 100 grain weight were less affected by density,while the diameter of main stem,branch number of main stem,flower cluster number per plant,grain number per plant and grain weight per plant decreased with the increase of density.The yield of plot was significantly higher than that of common buckwheat(54.05%-83.78%).With the increase of density,plot yield increased and reached the maximum at D5,but there was no significant difference with D4.According to the comprehensive analysis,homostylic self-fertile common buckwheat have the characteristics of early maturity,close planting and high yield.the suitable density of Xinong D4103 is 100000-120000 plants per acre in the expriment.