Effects Of Basal Fertilizer And Sowing Density On Photosynthetic Characteristics And Ear Traits Of Winter Wheat Xinong 805

In order to explore the influence of different base fertilizers and sowing densities on the growth and development of the winter wheat variety Xinong 805,and to provide technical basis for the formation of the production technical regulations of Xinong 805,the experiment adopted a two-factor split zone incomplete randomize block design,with base fertilizer as the main area:Set up two treatments,special slow-release fertilizer（B1）and conventional NPK compound fertilizer（B2）.The sowing density is the sub-zone:set four levels of 112.5kg/hm²（D1）,150 kg/hm²（D2）,187.5 kg/hm²（D3）,225kg/hm²（D4）,and use winter wheat Xinong805 as the material.The effects of basal fertilizer and sowing density on its agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics,ear traits,yield and quality were studied,and the following main results were obtained:（1）Compared with the conventional NPK compound fertilizer treatment,the special slow-release fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of the basic seedling number,total number of stems,number of ears and earing rate of winter wheat Xinong 805.With the increase of sowing density,the number of basic seedlings,total stems,and number of ears of Xinong 805showed an increasing trend,but the earing rate and dry matter decreased.The results of the two-year test showed that the basic seedling number and total stem number of the interaction treatment of special slow-release fertilizer and seeding density level D4 were the largest,which were 256.06×10⁴plants/hm²,1212.12×10⁴plants/hm²（2018-2019）and 343.18×10⁴plants/hm²,1503.79×10⁴plants/hm²（2019-2020）.（2）The effect of basal fertilizer on plant height is not obvious,but the sowing density has a significant effect on plant height,which is shown as:D4>D3>D2>D1.Under the condition of fertilization and density interaction,when the seeding density is low,it is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter per plant after wheat anthesis.The dry matter accumulation per plant of the special slow-release fertilizer treatment at 5 days,10 days,25 days,and 30 days after wheat anthesis was higher than that of the conventional NPK compound fertilizer treatment,which was 2.43%,4.41%,13.31%and 14.12%higher respectively.and the dry matter accumulation per plant of conventional NPK compound fertilizer treatment is only 15and 20 days after flowering,which is 2.41%and 7.82%more than that of special slow-release fertilizer.（3）In 2018-2019,the sowing density had a very significant effect on the length of the stem node under the panicle of Xinong 805,but it had no significant effect on the panicle length,awn length,and flag leaf sheath length.D4 seeding density,ear length,awn length and flag leaf sheath length are longer than D3,D2,D1,and D2 seeding density has the longest ear length.In 2019-2020,the ear length,flag leaf sheath length,and under-ear stem node length have all increased compared with 2018-2019.The spikelet setting rate and the number of grains per spike for different ear positions were as follows:middle>upper>bottom.The spikelet setting rate of the special slow-release fertilizer treatment was higher than that of the conventional NPK compound fertilizer treatment.（4）The effect of basal fertilizer on the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO₂concentration,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of Xinong 805 flag leaves is smaller.The effect of special slow-release fertilizer treatment is slightly better than that of conventional NPK compound fertilizer treatment.Sowing density has a greater impact on flag leaf SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO₂concentration,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate.From heading to 30 days after flowering,the SPAD value of flag leaves with high seeding density is higher than that of low seeding density,but from 20days after flowering to 30 days after flowering,the SPAD value of flag leaves decreases more than that of low density treatment;The net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO₂concentration,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of leaves all had their peaks at 7days after anthesis,but decreased from 14 days to 21 days after anthesis.（5）The influence of base fertilizer and sowing density on the output composition and output of Xinong 805 varies slightly from year to year.In 2018-2019,basal fertilizer and sowing density have obvious effects on the number of ears per unit area,the number of grains per ear,and the actual yield,but they have no significant effect on increasing the thousand-grain weight.In 2019-2020,base fertilizer has a significant effect on the number of ears per ear,grain weight per unit area,and actual yield of Xinong 805,but has no significant effect on the number of ears per unit area,thousand-grain weight,and actual yield;sowing density has a significant effect on the number of ears per unit area,grain number per ear,and actual yield,but the effect on thousand-grain weight is not significant.The two-year test shows that the special slow-release fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of wheat yield,and the yield is the highest when the seeding density of 225kg/hm²is 8333.33 kg/hm²（2018-2019）and 9173.93 kg/hm²（2019-2020）.It was 66.67 kg/hm²and 194.43 kg/hm²higher than the conventional NPK compound fertilizer treatment.（6）The influence of basal fertilizer and sowing density on the grain quality index of Xinong 805 varies from year to year.From 2018 to 2019,base fertilizer has a very significant effect on bulk density,water absorption,hardness and bread volume,and has no significant effect on protein,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,water content,formation time and ductility;sowing density has no significant effect on bulk density,Protein,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,formation time,ductility and bread volume have significant effects,but have insignificant effects on water absorption,moisture content and hardness.In 2019-2020,base fertilizer has a significant effect on water absorption,sedimentation value,water content,formation time,ductility and bread volume,but has no significant effect on bulk density,protein,wet gluten content and hardness;sowing density has a significant effect on sedimentation value and The effect of bread volume is significant,but the effect on bulk density,water absorption,protein,wet gluten content,water content,hardness,formation time and ductility is not significant.In summary,basal fertilizer and sowing density have important effects on the agronomic characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,ear characteristics,yield and quality of Xinong805.Application of special slow-release fertilizer can promote the growth and development of Xinong 805,improve ear traits,and increase its yield.A suitable seeding density is beneficial to enhance its photosynthetic characteristics and improve grain-related quality indicators.Therefore,B1D4 treatment is winter wheat Xinong 805.A suitable fertilizer and density combination in a high-quality and high-yield technology system.