| The karst area of China accounts for 13% of the national land area.According to the situation of the first stage of rocky desertification control project,the planting characteristics of fruit forest can not be ignored for the restoration of ecological environment and the improvement of soil nutrients in this area.Planting fruit forest can effectively prevent and control soil erosion and bring some economic benefits to local farmers,but there are unreasonable water and fertilizer application problems in the planting process of Rosa roxburghii,which leads to the decrease of fruit quality of Rosa roxburghii.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the fruit quality of Rosa roxburghii by combining the influence of water and fertilizer coupling on soil environment and fruit quality.And to extend the karst rocky desertification control ecological derivative product life cycle to provide favorable conditions.Based on the research theory of water-fertilizer coupling,the law of water-fertilizer for Rosa roxburghii growth,and the theory of fruit physiology of Rosa roxburghii,in view of the scientific problems such as blind fertilization,coupling of water-fertilizer and fruit quality improvement in the management of Rosa roxburghii,in the mountainous area of Guizhou plateau,which represents the overall structure of karst rocky desertification ecological environment the south,Bijie Salaxi and Shi Bing kast are selected as the study areas,From 2018 to 2020,the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on soil physical and chemical properties and fruit quality of Rosa roxburghii were studied by field investigation,traditional fertilizer and new fertilizer,14 soil physical and chemical properties and 8 fruit quality indexes of Rosa roxburghii,On this basis,the water and fertilizer coupling technology suitable for the growth of Rosa roxburghii in karst area is put forward,and the quality optimization control technology of Rosa roxburghii is integrated and demonstrated.To provide management basis for the development of characteristic fruit forest in rocky desertification area.1 The soil nutrient content of Rosa roxburghii showed a vertical distribution rule of decreasing layer by layer under water and fertilizer treatment and CK.Water and fertilizer treatment could significantly affect soil physical and chemical properties of Rosa roxburghii root(P<0.05),significantly affect soil nutrient content(P<0.05),and irrigation,fertilization and their interaction had a significant effect on soil fertility of Rosa roxburghii in two study areas(P<0.05).In this experiment,soil p H did not change with irrigation fertilizer,and did not threaten the soil growth environment of crops during the growth period of Rosa roxburghii.Except for p H,with the increase of soil depth,the nutrient content of other soils decreased.With the increase of fertilization level,soil nutrient content increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth.The results showed that the response of soil nutrients to irrigation was more complex and varied greatly under different fertility conditions.With the increase of irrigation amount,the contents of organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium reached the maximum under W2 conditions,and the irrigation amount continued to increase to the W3 level,and the total nutrient and available nutrient contents of soil decreased.The effects of irrigation,fertilization and their interaction on soil fertility of Rosa roxburghii were significant(P<0.05)through two-factor ANOVA.2 At the same irrigation or fertilization condition,the fruit quality index increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization or irrigation.The fruit quality index of Rosa roxburghii was higher than that of high water treatment under medium water and low water treatment,and the fruit quality reached the best under W2F2(medium water fertilizer treatment).With the exception of W3F1,the content of fruit quality index increased,and all of them showed the highest performance in W2F2(medium water fertilizer treatment),W3F1(high water and low fertilizer treatment),which was lower than that in CK treatment.W3(high water)treatment,soil water content increased,soil nutrients were leached to deep soil with water content,while the root system of Rosa roxburghii plant was shallow and the nutrients absorbed were less,which resulted in the slow growth of Rosa roxburghii plant and affected the fruit quality of Rosa roxburghii.Through correlation analysis,it was found that there was a correlation between soil nutrient index and fruit quality index of Rosa roxburghii under different water and fertilizer treatment in two study areas,which indicated that soil environment affected soil environment through water and fertilizer treatment,and soil environment affected the growth of Rosa roxburghii plants,and then affect the fruit quality.3 Using single fruit weight,fruit shape index,fruit moisture content,soluble sugar,titratable acid,vitamins C、 flavonoids and polyphenols as comprehensive evaluation indexes,principal component analysis and grey correlation method were used to analyze the quality indexes of each fruit of Rosa roxburghii treated with different water and fertilizer in two study areas.The results showed that the fruit quality of Rosa roxburghii was the best W2F2(medium water fertilizer)and the W3F1(high water and low fertilizer)was the worst.Water and fertilizer application had a significant effect on the fruit index of Rosa roxburghii.With the increase of water and fertilizer application,all the indexes of Rosa roxburghii showed a downward parabola trend of opening first increasing and then decreasing.Increasing the amount of water and fertilizer application can promote the improvement of fruit quality,and it will have negative effect on fruit quality.It is a long process to study the coupling of water and fertilizer and the change of fruit quality.The research period is only one year.Therefore,at least two years of experiments should be carried out.Considering the influence of interannual variation of climatic factors such as precipitation and temperature on the growth of Rosa roxburghii,the proportion of water and fertilizer suitable for Rosa roxburghii should be determined synthetically.Through the construction of Rosa roxburghii fruit sales,deep processing roxburghii,a complete industrial chain of derivative products of rocky desertification ecological control is formed,and the ecological benefit and economic benefit of karst rocky desertification control are promoted to develop synchronously and efficiently.4 On the basis of the research of water and fertilizer coupling and fruit quality improvement technology of Rosa roxburghii,based on the existing fertilization,irrigation and picking technology of Rosa roxburghii,based on the coupling of water and fertilizer of karst rocky desertification and the improvement of fruit quality of Rosa roxburghii,the key innovative technologies such as fertilization and improvement technology,irrigation improvement technology and picking improvement technology of Rosa roxburghii were put forward,and the key innovative technologies were demonstrated and verified.Existing fertilization technology mostly uses simple equipment to assist fertilization,which is labor intensive and low in overall efficiency.Aiming at this problem,a Rosa roxburghii fertilization improvement technology is proposed to achieve the purpose of turning the soil and ditching and adjusting the depth,and overcome the difficulty of controlling the amount of fertilizer.The problem of inaccurate fertilization for karst areas,flood irrigation or artificial irrigation is often used,which causes water resources waste.The improved Rosa roxburghii irrigation technology is proposed to control the flow rate and overall flow rate,and at the same time solve the problem of the small root wetting range in the Rosa roxburghii irrigation method,The root system cannot be precisely irrigated;in the process of picking Rosa roxburghii,the picking efficiency is low and easy to be injured.Innovated Rosa roxburghii picking technology to solve the current problem of inconvenient Rosa roxburghii picking and the inability to remove thorns after picking,and improve work efficiency. |
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