| Animal husbandry is one of the main industries that promote the economic development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,due to unreasonable grazing patterns,alpine meadows are becoming more and more degraded,affecting the production and life of herders.The traditional grazing mode adopted by the Mozhugongka community is extensively operated and overloaded grazing has caused serious degradation of natural grassland.Therefore,it is necessary to adjust and optimize the grazing mode of the Mozhugongka community.This experiment conducted a comparative study on the grassland after the adjustment and optimization of the grazing mode from the four aspects of vegetation characteristics,soil fertility,seed bank,and herders’ economic income on the alpine meadow family pasture scale in Mozhugongka Community of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The results show:1.According to local climatic conditions,cancel spring and autumn pastures,merge spring and autumn grass occasions into winter pastures as cold-season pastures,and summer farms as warm-season pastures,and adjust the grazing time of each pasture.In the cold season pastures,horizontally zoned rotation grazing and moderate supplementary feeding are implemented.Supplementary feeding of female yak started in January,and whole house feeding was carried out at the end of February or early March until the end of April.From May to early June,the community will be grazing in rotation and complete flocking and disease prevention.After early June,it will move to the warm season pasture.The grassland utilization rate in the rotation grazing community is controlled within60%.In addition,in warm season pastures,vertical division and rotation grazing are implemented along the altitude gradient.Every year from the beginning of June to the end of October.The utilization time is 80-90 days,and when moving back in early November,the grassland utilization rate shall not exceed 80%.After the adjustment of the transition time of the pastures,the above-ground biomass of the pastures of each pasture increased by 22.6%-37.3%,and the vegetation coverage increased by4.3%-10.6%,which increased the production of forages to a certain extent,improved the grassland conditions,and eased Pressure from grazing.2.After the adjustment and optimization of the grazing mode,the soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of each pasture have been increased,which improved the soil fertility to a certain extent.In addition,the proportion of fine forages in the soil seed bank increased from 34% to 35%,which significantly increased the seed density,species richness and diversity of the soil seed bank,and the improvement of these indicators directly increased the yield and diversity of above-ground pastures.3.The implementation of house feeding in the cold season has improved the production performance of livestock,reduced the mortality and disease rate of livestock,and increased the rate of livestock slaughter through the financial incentive policy,adjusted and optimized the livestock structure,and reduced the cost of supplementary feeding in the cold season.Pressure has improved the economic benefits of herders and increased the total family income.At the same time,the grazing pressure on natural grasslands has been reduced,the ecological conditions of the grasslands have been improved,and the degradation of grasslands has been slowed down.By constructing a comprehensive grazing optimization model for shifting fields during cold and warm seasons,dividing plots,and supplementary feeding in pens,the aboveground biomass and coverage of vegetation have been increased,soil fertility has been improved,the proportion of fine forage grass has been increased,and the growth of weeds has been slowed down,Improve the ecological conditions of the pasture;at the same time,increase the economic income of herders,reduce the mortality and disease rate of livestock,improve the living standards of herders,and achieve a win-win situation for ecology and economy. |
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