Effect Of Steam Explosion Of Crop Straw On Rice Germination And Growth As Well As Yield And Quality Of Rice With Nitrogen Fertilizer

Steam explosion technology is mostly used in the fields of food and animal feed,but its application in field production has not been reported.Steam explosion puffing of straw has the effect of destroying the cohesive force between straw fibers,increasing the inner surface area of the straw,making it easier to be decomposed by microorganisms,and eliminating the insect eggs carried by the straw itself.In order to clarify the effects of steam explosion of the three major crops on rice seed germination,root bud growth,and seedling quality,and the effects of steam explosion of rice straw and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield quality of rice,the author combined indoor and outdoor experimental methods.For outdoor experiment,it was carried out in greenhouses and potted plants,with Kenjing No.8 as the test variety,and a two-factor completely random design was used to carry out the experimental research,in order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the realization of high-yield and high-quality rice with straw returned to the field.The main findings are as follows.1.The steam explosion straw extract make the breast-breaking rate,germination potential,germination rate,sprout length,and root length of rice seeds increase by 9.23%,6.57%,8.46%,3.55%,and 10.14% respectively.With the factors of straw species,and as of the breast-breaking rate,germination vigor,germination rate,sprout length,and root length of rice seeds,it shows soybean straw>corn straw>rice straw.With the interaction effect of each index,the highest data are presented in steam explosion of soybean straw.2.With the steam puffed straw powder mixed into the nutrient soil to raise seedlings,the leaf age,plant height,stem base width,root length,root surface area,root volume,and root diameter of rice are increased by 11.33%,43.58%,13.68%,and 16.30%,13.70%,29.30% and11.76% respectively.And the difference reached a significant or extremely significant level.With the factors of stalk types,it shows rice stalk>corn stalk>soy stalk about the leaf age.The highest data of the plant height,base width,root length,root surface area,and dry weight of100 plants are presented in the corn stalk.In terms of the root volume and root diameter,it shows soybean stalk>corn Straw> rice stalk.Through comprehensive evaluation,the best performance is presented in the steam puffed of corn stalk.3.Compared with before steam explosion of rice straw,the highest tiller number,effective tiller number,and growth rate of stems and tillers of steam explosion of rice straw are increased by 7.62%,24.95%,and 4.94%,respectively.As of the rate of tillering into ears,it shows steam explosion puffed straw> before steam explosion puffed straw.The maximum number of tillers,the number of effective tillers,and the growth rate of stem tillers with increased nitrogen fertilizer application were significantly higher than those of conventional nitrogen application,with the increase rates being 7.16%,18.07%,and 13.06%,respectively.4.Steam explosion of rice straws is used for the data of the tillering stage,full heading stage,filling stage,dry matter accumulation of the above-ground part at maturity stage,leaf area at tillering stage,high-efficiency leaf area and total leaf area at full-heading stage,and high-efficiency leaf area and the total leaf area at filling stage.Compared with before steam explosion,the data increased by 29.86%,4.40%,6.37%,6.24%,22.30%,7.65%,8.54%,6.67%and 8.43%,respectively.Increased application of nitrogen fertilizer at the tillering stage,full heading stage,filling stage and maturity stage,dry matter quality,leaf area at tillering stage,high-efficiency leaf area at full-heading stage,high-efficiency leaf area at full-heading stage,high-efficiency leaf area at full-heading stage,high-efficiency leaf area at full-heading stage,and total leaf surface active were significantly higher than conventional nitrogen application.5.Compared with before steam explosion,the total root length,average diameter,total root surface area,and total root volume of steam explosion puffed rice straw in the tillering stage increase by 24.78%,34.21%,46.75% and 37.58% respectively.The total root length,average diameter,total root surface area,and total root volume of rice with increased nitrogen application were significantly or extremely significantly higher than conventional nitrogen application,and the increments were 14.68%,6.52%,17.92%,and 17.79% respectively.As of the interaction effects of steam explosion and nitrogen application rate on the average diameter of rice roots,total root surface area,and total root volume,the highest data are presented in the treatment of steam explosion and increased nitrogen application of rice straw.6.With the treatment of steam explosion of rice straw,it has a theoretical output increase of 11.51% compared with before steam explosion.The main reason for the increase in output of steam explosion puffed straw is the increase in thousand-grain weight.In addition,the theoretical output showed that increased application of nitrogen fertilizer> conventional application of nitrogen,with an increase of 20.16%.And higher seed setting rate and1000-grain weight were the main reasons for the increase in yield.7.Compared with before steam explosion puffed rice straw,the processing quality of steam-exploded puffed rice straw is not significantly different.As of the protein content,it shows steam-exploded puffed rice straw> before puffed rice straw,but before puffed,the rice straw has the highest edible value.The aroma,completeness,taste,taste and taste values of conventional nitrogen application for before steam explosion puffed rice straw are significantly higher than those of steam explosion puffed rice straw with nitrogen fertilizer,and the increments are 1.07%,3.29%,1.36%,3.35% and 4.31% respectively.