Evaluation Of Pig Farm Biosafety Prevention And Control Under The Background Of African Swine Fever

In August 2018,the first outbreak of African swine fever(ASF)occurred in China.The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to it,made decisions and arrangements,and implemented ASF prevention and control work in various localities.Over the past two years,pig production capacity has been gradually restored,but the ASF prevention and control situation is still complicated and severe.In the face of the double test of the long-term existence of ASF and the development of an effective vaccine,the implementation of biosafety prevention and control is an important and effective measure to deal with ASF.Firstly,the current situation of pig epidemic and biosecurity control in China under the background of African swine fever was analyzed.Secondly,the evaluation and practical experience of biosafety prevention and control of pig farms in foreign countries(America,France and Spain)are elaborated.Thirdly,Combined with the experience of prevention and control of African swine fever at home and abroad,the biosafety prevention and control indexes were explored from external and internal pig farms.Finally,the biosafety level of the sample pig farms was assessed by the weighted rank sum ratio method,the economic benefits of the pig farms were analyzed by descriptive statistics,and the production performance of the pig farms was analyzed by the multivariate analysis of variance.Comparing the difference of pig income and production performance under different biosafety levels,revealing the relationship between biosafety level and pig breeding benefits,providing quantitative basis for domestic pig farm biosafety level evaluation,and providing decision-making for the government to formulate epidemic disease prevention and control management policies.It is helpful to guide farmers to change the concept of "emphasis on treatment and light on prevention",pay attention to and take biosafety measures,and has important significance for improving the level of swine disease prevention and control and promoting the high-quality development of the pig industry in China.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)This study constructed the biosafety prevention and control evaluation index system suitable for domestic pig farms.The external biosafety and internal biosafety were taken as the primary indicators,that is,there are 14 second-level indicators and 46 third-level indicators for the whole index system.Thus,a three-level biosafety prevention and control evaluation index system is constructed.Among them,the secondary index of external biosafety includes five aspects: purchased pig breeds,foreign vehicle transportation,visitors,foreign organisms,and pig farm site selection.The secondary index of internal biosafety includes nine aspects: disease prevention and control,feeding,conservation and fattening house,feed and drinking water,all in and all out,different areas and house management,staff management,biosafety regulations,treatment of dead pigs and feces,and cleaning and disinfection.(2)The biosafety level of the sample pig farms was evaluated based on the weighted rank sum ratio method,and the biosafety level of the sample pig farms was divided into four categories,namely,excellent,good,medium and poor.Based on the survey data of typical breeding farms in three representative provinces(Jilin,Henan and Jiangsu)in the north,central and south of China in 2020,it is calculated that the level of excellent accounts for 11.2%,the level of good accounts for 44.4%,the level of medium accounts for 44.4%,the level of poor accounted for 0%.It can be seen that the biosafety level of pig farms in the surveyed areas is moderately high,the biosafety of pig farm is still imperfect and needs to be improved.(3)The relationship between biosafety prevention and control of pig farm and breeding cost and benefit and production performance was revealed.Based on the descriptive statistical analysis,the higher the biosafety level of a pig farm,the higher the pig sales revenue,the higher the total cost,the higher the profit,and the higher the epidemic prevention and treatment cost of finishing pigs.In other words,a pig farm with a higher biosafety level has a higher breeding income.Based on multivariate analysis of variance,it was found that the group of biosafety level in pig farm had influence on the ratio of feed to gain,daily gain and mortality of finishing pigs(p<0.05);In addition,the biosafety level of pig farms was negatively correlated with feed weight ratio and mortality rate of fattening pigs,while positively correlated with daily weight gain.Based on the above research conclusions,to table a proposal to promote the biosafety of pig farms.First,increase the epidemic prevention and control publicity,improve the pig farmers’ awareness of biosafety;Second,improve the construction of production infrastructure system and enhance the ability of disease prevention and control;Third,establish a scientific epidemic prevention system to ensure the effectiveness of pig farm epidemic prevention and control;Fourth,choose harmless treatment according to local conditions to reduce the risk of disease transmission;Fifth,establish three-level disinfection procedures outside the venue,at the entrance and exit,and inside the venue to stop the spread of pathogens;Sixth,optimize the supervision and management system and improve the overall biosafety prevention and control level in the region.