| This experiment was carried out in the Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University and Jiangxinsha Farm in Nantong,from 2018 to 2020.Using Suyunuoll as materials,the yield and quality properties in response to the one-time application of amino acid compound fertilizer or traditional fertilizer(common compound fertilizer and urea)of fresh spring waxy maize,and interaction of straw returning and fertilization of fresh autumn waxy maize were studied.The main results were as follows:1.Effects of the amount and application period of amino acid compound fertilizer on the yield and quality of fresh spring waxy maizeCompared with conventional fertilizer(base application of common compound fertilizer+topdressing urea at six-leaf stage),one-time application of amino acid compound fertilizer(SN)significantly increased the yield of fresh waxy maize.The fresh grain yield,fresh ear yield and component content of 225 kg N hm-2 rate were significantly higher than those of 180 kg hm-2.Under the same fertilization level,the fresh ear/grain yield was the highest when applied NF the at six-leaf stage(SN-6).The contents of starch,soluble sugar and protein under fertilizers-6 were significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization mode.The content of starch,soluble sugar and protein gradually increased with postpone the fertilization time.The starch granule size decreased and the iodine binding capacity increased with the increase of nitrogen rate.Iodine binding capacity increased significantly with the postpone of the fertilization time.The peak viscosity of one-time application of SN was higher than that of conventional fertilization,and the peak viscosity of SN15-3 was the highest among different treatments.The peak viscosity at 225 kg N hm-2 was significantly higher than that at 180 kg N hm-2.Compared with the conventional fertilization,SN reduced the retrogradation percentage,and the value decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate and the postponement of the application time.In conclusion,at the 225 kg N hm-2 level,SN15-3 can improve grain peak viscosity,and SN15-6 can increase the yield of fresh ear/grain and the content of components in grain,and reduce the retrogradation percentage.2.Effects of conventional fertilizer "one blast" fertilization on yield and quality of fresh waxy maizeCompared with conventional fertilization(NCK)at 180 and 225 kg N hm-2 levels,the fresh grain/ear yield were significantly reduced under "one blast" treatment of conventional fertilization at sowing stage(N-0),three-leaf stage(N-3)and six-leaf stage(N-6),and the decline decreased with the postpone of the fertilization time.The starch and protein contents of NCK were higher than those of "one-blast" fertilization,but the fertilization time and rate unaffect the grain component content.The starch granule size had different responses to the fertilizer amount and the fertilization modes.The iodine binding capacity of NCK was higher than that of the "one blast"fertilization,and the value of N15CK was the highest.The grain pasting viscosities in response to fertilization mode was different between the 2018 and 2019,but they are generally increased by "one blast" fertilization mode.Among the thermal characteristics,fertilization reduced the retrogradation percentage,and the "one blast"fertilization increased it at the N15 level in comparison to conventional fertilization,but the results were different between two years at the N12 level.Overall,the grain yield,component content,iodine binding capacity and maximum absorption wavelength of "one-blast" fertilization were lower than those of conventional fertilization(basal compound fertilizer+topdressing urea at six-leaf stage),but the pasting and thermal characteristics were significantly different between two years,and postpone the application time can reduce the yield loss.3.Effects of reduced fertilizer application on yield and quality of fresh autumn waxy maize under the condition of straw returningThe ear/grain yields of fresh waxy maize with straw returning(SR)were increased by 14.0%and 9.3%,respectively,compared with that non straw returning(N-SR).Under the same fertilizer level,the yield of SN was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilizer,and there was no significant difference in the yield of fresh ear and fresh grain under SN15-0 and SN12-0 under SN condition.The protein content of SR was significantly higher than that of returning-SR,but the starch content was opposite.With the increase of nitrogen rate,the grain starch content remains unaffected,but the grain protein content increased,and the protein content of N15CK was significantly higher than that of SN15-0.The starch granule size of SR was lower than that of returning-SR.The starch granule size of SN was lower than that of conventional fertilizer.SN had effect on iodine binding capacity,which was significantly higher in N15 than in N12.The grain peak viscosity under N-SR was higher for conventional fertilization mode,but the value under SR was different between the two years.In general,the thermodynamic characteristics were unaffected by the SR.Meanwhile,the retrogradation percentage was unaffected by the nitrogen rate under the SR,but the value was higher under SN of N-SR.In conclusion,the fresh grain and ear yields under SN15-0 and SN12-0 were higher under SR,but nutritional quality was unaffected.Therefore,one time application of SN under 180 kg hm-2 level was beneficial to achieve higher yield and better quality.4.Comprehensively analyze the effects of the one-time application of SN and conventional fertilizer on the yield and quality of spring waxy maize and the application of fertilizer under the straw returning condition on the yield and quality of autumn waxy maize,the present study suggested that 225 kg N hm-2 SN should be applied at three-leaf or six-leaf stage to achieve high yield and quality in the spring sown waxy maize,and 180 kg N hm-2 SN should applied under the SR condition in autumn sown waxy maize in the production of double-season fresh maize in Jiangsu Province. |
PDF Full Text Request