A Study On Rice Planting Change In Fenhe River Basin Of Shanxi Province In Historical Period

Through the analysis of the data on the rice planting in Shanxi in the historical literature,It can be found that The rice planting in the Fenhe River Basin in Shanxi in historical period showed a transition process of "Prosperous-Decline-Prosperous".From overall view,the rice in Shanxi in historical period was mainly distributed in the middle of the Fenhe River in the Taiyuan Prefecture and downstream of Pingyang Prefecture,the upper reaches of the Fenhe River,Datong Prefecture and other parts of Shanxi have a discontinuous distribution pattern.During the process of rice planting change in the Fenhe River Basin in historical period,there were three peak periods of rice production:Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty,the middle and early Ming Dynasty,the Kangxi to Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty.And three periods of decline in rice production:the Jin Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty,the late Ming Dynasty and after the Kangxi to Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.In terms of the influencing factors of rice planting change in the Fenhe River Basin,there are two main aspects:natural factors and social factors.Among natural factors,climatic factors are mainly reflected in temperature and precipitation,which determine the growth cycle and water conditions of rice.River hydrological conditions become a prerequisite for the development of rice production.Disasters are concrete manifestations under the influence of many natural factors.There are four types of natural disasters,such as water,drought,insects and cold,which have a great impact on rice production.The gradual destruction of forest vegetation in the upper reaches of the Fenhe River during the historical period has aggravated soil erosion and indirectly affected rice production.Among the social factors,government policy support is the main driving force for rice promotion.Rice production in most areas was developed under the leadership of local officials.Water conservancy development measures provide scarce water resources for planting rice and become a key factor affecting rice planting changes.The historical significance of planting rice in the Fenhe River Basin is mainly reflected in the three aspects of promoting economic development,influencing social life and improving the agricultural environment.The rulers of the dynasty have always developed rice production in Shanxi in the spirit of "knowing that it is difficult for them to do it." The main focus is on the economic significance of planting rice.As a high-yield crop,rice does not conflict with the traditional dryland crops in Shanxi,so it can significantly increase the income of local residents.Developing rice production in Shanxi can reduce the cost of transportation from north to south and save financial expenses.In the case of poor harvest in dry fields,rice produced in some areas can also become a dependency of the people through the years of poverty.In the process of planting rice,people’s eating habits have undergone certain changes.The people of Shanxi,who have always used millet and wheat as staple foods,have begun to try the lifestyle of "feed on rice and fish".After combining with local eating habits,the unique "Meal mixed with millet and rice" and "Fried rice" were born.Affected by water shortage,the people in the planting area have carried out a series of activities to develop and compete for water resources in the villages,in order to obtain excellent irrigation conditions.They usually use villages as a unit,promoted the formation of rural social organizations with "water" as the core.While developing rice production,the agricultural environment in parts of Shanxi has changed due to the introduction of canals and rivers.The completion of the paddy field makes the local water and drought coordination,showing the general agricultural production environment in the Jiangnan Water Township.In order to live a better life,the villagers actively cooperated with the government to grow rice.The hopes of the villagers and government policies complement each other and jointly promote the development of rice production in the Fenhe River Basin.