Study On Plot Scale Accurate Fertilization Strategy In Typical Black Soil Area

As an important grain production base,the grain production in Northeast Black Soil Region is related to the stability of national economy and national grain security.However,with the continuous increase of food demand,the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer is also increasing year by year,and the problem of excessive fertilization in bl ack soil area is fundamental.The resulting soil degradation,soil and water loss,ecological pollution,food quality decline and other consequences seriously threaten the sustainable use of black land and the sustainable and healthy development of agricultural production.How to scientifically improve fertilizer use efficiency,realize the efficient utilization of soil and water conservation,agricultural economic development for the socialist modernization and new rural construction has important signific ance.Precision fertilization,as a powerful combination of science and technology in agriculture,is one of the effective means to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency,improve agricultural ecological environment,protect black soil and guarantee grain yield and quality.Accurate fertilization is to divide farmland into several management units based on the thorough acquisition of spatial variation information of soil and crops.Each unit is independent of each other,and each unit has the same internal characteristics.And then,according to the different attributes of the management unit to implement precision variable fertilization,so as to achieve the field fertilization and fertilization precision control.In order to promote the agricultural modernization and the construction of new socialist countryside in the black soil area of Northeast China,it is urgent to study the precision fertilization technology in the typical black soil area,explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soil water and fertilizer within the field,reveal the law of soil water and fertilizer migration and distribution,consolidate the data foundation of precision fertiliza tion technology regionalization and suggestions for the promotion of precision fertilization technology in typical black soil area are provided.This paper selects two typical fields in Youyi Farm and Hailun Cooperative as research areas respectively.Soil samples were collected during the critical growth period of crops to obtain soil moisture and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen data.Then combined with the high-precision terrain data in the study area,the information of soil profile was extracted,and the characteristics of spatial differentiation and transport of soil water and fertilizer in typi cal black soil area were studied.In order to explore the implementation path and countermeasures of precision fertilization in typical black soil area,the precision fertilization practice research was carried out in the experimental plot of Youyi Farm.The main conclusions of the study are as following:(1)The internal topography of typical black soil plots is undulating obviously,and the spatial distribution of soil moisture and fertilizer shows the trend of soil moisture and fertilizer moving from the top to the bottom of the slope and from the surface to the deeper layer.The distribution of water and fertilizer on the slope with different slope directions showed the tendency that the shade slope was bigger than the sun slope and the slope surface was bigger than the top slope.Compared with the slope surface and the top of the slope,the bottom of the slope is more prone to water and nutrient deposition.And the difference of water and fertilizer spatial distribution also affects the crop growth.(2)Compared with the conventional fertilization method,precision fertilization reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer by 20%,and the yield and fertilizer utilization rate were better.Compared with the conventional fertilization method,the yield was 920 k g/hm~2 higher,and the yield increase rate was 11%.Accurate fertilization experiment is helpful to reduce the spatial difference of crop growth.(3)Accurate fertilization according to the actual needs of crops can increase production on the premise of reducing the use of chemical fertilizer,which can not only realize the efficient use of cultivated land resources,but also avoid damaging the agricultural ecological environment,which is conducive to the sustainable development of natural resources.Usi ng remote sensing technology to accurately manage zoning and diagnosis of fertilization prescription has the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution,high efficiency and convenience.It can improve the precision and timeliness of fertilization management in the field,promote the sustainable development of agricultural economy and realize large-scale popularization.(4)The implementation and popularization of precision fertilization in typical black soil area are faced with some problems,such as imperfect regional basic data,limited precision of fertilization model and agricultural machinery,lack of knowledge and consciousness of precision fertilization among agricultural producers.It is necessary to further intensify research and innovation efforts,strengthen the construction of talent team,strengthen the publicity and promotion of precision fertilization knowledge,constantly improve the organizational support and institutional system,and promote the gradual transformation of agricultural production mode from traditional extensive type to fine management.