Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome In Laying Hens Relief With Berberine By Altering Microbial Bile Acid Metabolism And The Ileal Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling Pathway

Bile acids are modified or metabolized by the intestinal microbial easily affected by dietary component,and their composition and contents will affect the energy metabolism of the host.The experiment aimed to study if the laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS)relief with the berberine(BBR)or not,by detected the changes in the intestinal flora,the composition and contents of bile acids,and the genes transcript level of the bile acid-farnesoid X receptor(FXR)pathway.Total 19-wk-old 140 Roman-gray layer were randomly divided into control group(C group),pathology group(P group),berberine group(BP group)and vancomycin group(VP group).Layers of six in each group chosen randomly were euthanized on the 140 th day in the experiment.The ileal feces were detected by 16 S r RNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics,the latter targeted to qualify the bile acids contents.q-PCR was used to determine genes transcript level related to glucose,lipid metabolism and bile acids biosynthesis.The results are as follows:1.Histopathological section showed that liver tissue of group P had diffuse steatosis.The biochemical indexes of liver homogenate showed TG(P<0.001),TC(P>0.05),and LDL-ch(P<0.001)contents in group P were higher than that in group C.It was confirmed that the high-fat-diet established the model successfully hens with fatty liver hermorrhagic syndrome.TC contents of livers in the VP group increased compared with that in group P,indicating that there may be obstacles to the metabolism of bile acids in the host.It is speculated that vancomycin inhibits the proliferation of gram-positive bacteria in the intestine,leading to bile acid metabolism dysfunction,which can be verified that bile acids are modified and metabolized by the bacteria;2.There were Lactobacillus,Phascolarctobacterium,Sporobacter,Holdemania,and bacterium＿YE57 as the pathology group’s characteristic differential bacteria of layer hens with fatty liver,which is different from the control group;The BP group added to berberine attenuated the change of microflora caused by high-fat diet.In addition,due to the change of ileal flora in the pathological group and the intervention group,BP group,the bile acid composition also changed.3.The differences in the flora structure of each group do correspond to different bile acid components and contents,but chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid are still the main types of bile acids in chicken;the total amount of bile acids in the BP group is the highest and the VP group is the least among the four groups.4.Bile acid biosynthesis genes: Compared with the transcript level of group C,the CYP7A1 and FGF19 genes in the liver was significantly decreased(P <0.05),the CYP27A1 m RNA was significantly increased(P <0.05),and the expression of FXR and FGF19 genes in the ileum had a down-regulated trend(P >0.05)in group P.Compared with the results of group P,the m RNA expression of CYP27A1 gene,FGF19 gene expressed in liver and ileum of BP group increased significantly(P <0.05),and the expression of ABCB11 gene increased sharply(P <0.001).5.Effector genes downstream of FXR: Compared with the m RNA expression of group C,PCK1 and G6 Pse m RNA involved in gluconeogenesis(P <0.01),the CD36 and FAS m RNA devoted to fat synthesis(P > 0.05)were increased significantly in group P,PPARα m RNA decreased apparently(P <0.001);the expression of Apo C-II involved in TG hydrolysis was significantly suppressed(P <0.01),while the apo C-III gene was extremely increased(P <0.001).Compared with the transcript level of P group,the m RNA of PCK1 and apo C-III(P <0.01),the m RNA of CD36 and FAS all declined(P > 0.05),the PPARα(P <0.001)and PPARγ and Apo C-II increased significantly(P <0.05)in the BP group;The relative expression of PCK1,G6 Pse and FAS m RNA in the VP group decreased significantly(P <0.01);the m RNA of PPARγ(P <0.05)and apo C-III(P <0.001)was higher than the result of group P.Conclusion: Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens relief with berberine by altering microbial bile acid metabolism and the ileal farnesoid X receptor signaling pathway.