Analysis Of Effects Of Irrigation And Planting Methods On Growth And Yield Of Waxy Corn

The shortage of water resources has restricted the development of China’s waxy corn industry,and it is particularly important to adopt suitable agricultural measures to achieve water-saving irrigation.Plastic film mulching,wide and narrow row planting and irrigation treatment are several commonly used agricultural measures,which have an important impact on the growth and yield of waxy corn.In order to prove the coupling effect of plastic film mulch,wide and narrow row planting and irrigation treatment on soil water,heat,water consumption,growth and yield of waxy corn,this paper chose three planting methods(full film double ridge wide narrow row ditch)Planting,full-film double-ridge equidistant furrow planting,bare field flat cropping)and two irrigation modes(two irrigations and four irrigations)to form 6 experimental treatments to carry out field trials to study the soil water,heat and consumption of different treatments The main research conclusions of the influence of water law,waxy corn growth and yield are as follows:1.The change trend of soil moisture content in all treatments in the whole growth cycle is basically the same.Under the same irrigation conditions,the plastic film treatment significantly increased the soil moisture content.The average moisture content of the wide and narrow rows of planting soil was higher than that of the equal row spacing planting,but there was no significant difference.This increase was more obvious under I0 irrigation.Plastic film mulching,wide and narrow row planting and irrigation volume all showed an increasing trend for 0-60cm soil water storage capacity,but there was no significant difference.Under the same planting model,the soil water storage capacity under four irrigations was also improved compared with two irrigations.Under the same irrigation conditions,plastic film treatment and wide and narrow row planting can significantly reduce the water consumption of plants.The water consumption of each treatment at jointing stage and maturity stage four irrigations increased significantly,and a high peak of water consumption was produced after each irrigation treatment.2.Plastic film mulching can maintain the temperature in a relatively stable range,and the average temperature is 1-2 higher than that of bare land,which is beneficial to the growth and development of waxy corn plants.Compared with the equal-row planting mode,the wide-narrow row planting mode adjusted the distribution between plants and created a suitable growing environment.The two irrigations treatments have basically no effect on soil temperature.Film mulching obviously increased the soil temperature in the early growth stage,accelerated the growth process of waxy corn and shortened the growth period.Waxy corn covered with plastic film in each growth period was about 7 days earlier than the bare land flat cultivation area.3.Under the same irrigation level,compared with bare cropping,mulching treatment can significantly increase the plant height and leaf area index of waxy corn.In terms of stem thickness,mulching treatment increased the stem thickness by 12.89%from seedling stage to jointing stage-62.34%,which is a significant difference.As the growth period progresses,the difference between treatments gradually decreases.Compared with the equal-row spacing planting model,the wide-narrow row planting model increased the plant height of waxy corn by 0.48%-1.31%,and increased the stem thickness by 2.77%-10.24%.During the whole growth cycle of waxy corn,the effect of irrigation on the stem thickness did not reach a significant difference.4.Fit the dynamic changes of plant height and leaf area index during the whole growth period of waxy corn through Logistic equation,R~2is0.988-0.998,the fitting precision is high,the growth process of each treatment basically accords with this equation.The study found that the plant height growth rate of waxy corn at the jointing stage was the fastest.Plastic film mulching can speed up the growth and development of waxy corn,advance the growth period,plastic film mulching,wide and narrow row planting and increased irrigation can increase the waxy corn plant height and leaf area index Theoretical maximum.5.The change trend of dry matter accumulation of waxy corn in all treatments during the whole growth period was basically the same.Under the same irrigation level,the film treatment increased dry matter accumulation by 13.72%-25.46%compared with bare land,which was a significant difference.The planting of wide and narrow rows and four irrigations increased the dry matter accumulation of waxy corn by 2.4%-7.54%,which was not significantly different from the equal row spacing cultivation and two irrigations.6.Under the same irrigation level,the grain yield of plastic film treatment increased by 29.66%-37.3%compared with bare land flat cropping,with a significant difference.Compared with the equal-row spacing planting model,the wide-narrow row planting model increased the grain yield by 1.18%-5.9%,a significant difference.Judging from the various components of waxy corn yield,the film-covering treatment mainly increased the fresh weight and the dry weight of 100 kernels,and reduced the bald tip of waxy corn.There was a significant difference between the treatments.The three aspects are almost equal or the improvement has not reached a significant difference.The wide and narrow rows were improved in factors such as ear length,ear thickness,100-grain fresh weight and 100-grain dry weight,but did not reach a significant difference.7.In terms of water use efficiency,under the same irrigation level,the plastic film treatment and wide and narrow row planting modes significantly improved the water use efficiency.Under the same planting model,compared with the four irrigations,the two irrigations improved the water use efficiency by 2.59%-4.61%.Film mulching treatment and wide and narrow row planting can significantly improve the irrigation water utilization efficiency.Compared with bare land flat cropping and equal row spacing planting,the difference is significant.Under the same planting model,the irrigation water utilization efficiency of two irrigations is increased by 9.67%-23.52%compared with the four irrigations.The output of each treatment under two irrigations has the highest response to irrigation and the best water-saving benefits.8.As far as the quality of waxy corn is concerned,plastic film mulching significantly reduces the crude protein content and soluble sugar content of waxy corn grains,which is significantly different from that of bare cropping.Under the same planting mode,the crude protein content increased by 4.57%-11.71%and the soluble sugar content decreased by 11.12%-31.55%under the condition of I1 irrigation.Increasing the irrigation volume can increase the soil water content and enhance the assimilation of waxy corn,which is beneficial to the increase of the crude protein content of the crop,but with the increase of the moisture in the ear of waxy corn,the total soluble sugar content has decreased.In summary,plastic film mulching and wide and narrow row planting are important ways to achieve high yield of waxy corn.Full film double ridge furrow planting of wide and narrow row planting is a more suitable waxy corn planting mode under this experimental condition.I1can be used for irrigation.