| In order to explore the optimum cultivation technology of sowing methods and find out the mechanism of the interaction between different sowing methods and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the yield increased and quality of wheat in the Dryland of South Shanxi Province have been researched.The test was carried out in Wenxi County test base of Yuncheng City from 2018 to 2019.This is a two factor experiment.The first factor is the sowing method,which is wide precision sowing,deep furrow sowing and conventional strip sowing respectively.The other factor is the amount of nitrogen application,which is 150kg·ha-1 and 210 kg·ha-1 respectively.The effects of sowing methods and nitrogen fertilizer on population construction,grain formation,grain filling,grain protein content and their relationship with water consumption and soil temperature change in dry land wheat were studied.The main results are as follows:（1）Compared with conventional strip sowing,wide precision sowing and trench sowing can significantly increase soil water consumption,total water consumption,5 cm and 10 cm soil accumulated temperature.Wide precision sowing significantly increased the population,the maximum and average grain filling rate in each growth period of wheat,while deep furrow sowing delayed the disappearance of population after anthesis,increased the duration of grain filling,and then significantly increased the number of spikes and 1000-grain weight,increasing 13.73% and 31.46% respectively.Meanwhile,compared with conventional strip sowing,wide precision sowing and trench sowing can significantly increase the amount of nitrogen accumulation and transport before anthesis,the amount of nitrogen accumulation after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain,the content of nitrogen in grain and the nitrogen harvest index,and increase the content of protein and the yield of protein in grain by 5.51% and16.42%,21.40% and 57.17%,respectively.In addition,the grain yield and protein yield of wide precision sowing were significantly higher than that of trench sowing.（2）Increasing the amount of nitrogen application can significantly increase the proportion of rainfall to total water consumption,5 cm soil accumulated temperature,wheat population in each growth period,and significantly reduce the duration of the slow growth period and the average filling rate.In addition,increasing the amount of nitrogen application can significantly increase the number of ears and reduce the1000 grain weight,but significantly increase the yield,the increase of yield is 13.75% respectively.Meanwhile,nitrogen fertilizer can also increase the accumulation of nitrogen before anthesis,the transport amount and rate before anthesis,the accumulation amount after anthesis,the contribution rate to grain and the content of nitrogen in grain,and increase the grain protein yield and its yield by about 13.59% and27.23%,respectively.（3）The regression equations of soil accumulated temperature（5 cm and 10 cm）and water consumption with ear number,1000 grain weight,grain protein content and yield respectively showed that ear number increased with the increase of water consumption and soil accumulated temperature（5 cm and10 cm）,protein content and yield increased with the increase of water consumption and 5 cm soil accumulated temperature,but the difference of determination coefficient of fitting equation of 1000-grain weight was not significant.To sum up,wide precision sowing combined with 210 kg·ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer treatment can increase the soil water consumption,5 cm soil accumulated temperature,the number of population and ears in each growth period of wheat,and enhance the utilization of rainfall,promote the population in each growth period of wheat,and ensure the number of ears.In addition,it can improve the plant nitrogen accumulation,grain nitrogen content,grain protein yield,and realize the simultaneous improvement of yield and quality.It provides a theoretical basis for the popularization of wheat seeder in the south of Shanxi Province. |
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