Study On High-quality And High-efficiency Production Technology Of Dry Common Beans

This study focused on the standardized production technology system of dry-cropped common beans in Shanxi Province.The main varieties were screened,and the effects of fertilizer ratios and cultivation modes on the growth,yield,and quality of dry-crop beans were studied.The main results are as follows:Variety comparison test: The growth index,leaf area index,dry fresh weight,yield and other growth indicators of 25 common bean varieties mainly grown in Shanxi Province at different growth stages and quality indicators such as soluble protein,soluble sugar,cellulose and Vc Through comprehensive evaluation,it was found that the best performers among the tested varieties were ’Zao xian nen’ and ’Ji zao cui yu wang’.Fertilizer ratio test: In this test,organic fertilizer,compound fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer,and foliar fertilizer were used for the four-factor optimal design to determine the growth potential,chlorophyll,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield of common beans at different growth stages.The highest yield was obtained when the organic fertilizer-compound fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer was 0-60-0 kg·667m2,and the foliar fertilizer was sprayed once and the organic fertilizer-compound fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer was 500-30-15 kg·667m2.It reached 38,300 kg·hm^-2,which was an increase of 27.2% over the control treatment of conventional fertilization.The treatment of organic fertilizer-composite fertilizer-phosphorus fertilizer was 1000-0-15 kg·667m^-2,and foliar fertilizer was sprayed once.The yield reached a minimum of 2.89 kg· hm^-2,which was significantly lower than that of the first two treatments.Comprehensive cost,sustainable development and other factors,the results show that the optimal fertilizer ratio mode is 500-30-15 kg·667m^-2 of organic fertilizer-composite fertilizer-phosphorus fertilizer.Erection method and planting density test: Two erection methods,hanging vine and ‘Ren zi jia’,were set up under the condition of 40 cm hole distance,and the treatment distance was 50 cm and 60 cm.The leaf area,photosynthetic rate and yield of common bean plants were measured at different growth stages.Results It was found that the bean yield was highest in the 60 cm mode of hanging vines,reaching 35551 kg·hm^-2;In the ‘Ren zi jia’ line spacing 50 cm mode,the bean yield was the second highest,reaching 35383 kg·hm^-2;in the hanging vine line spacing 50 cm mode,the bean yield was 30511 kg·hm^-2,but there was no significant difference between the three treatments.Taking into account the natural conditions of the open field,labor costs and other factors,the optimal erection method is a ‘Ren zi jia’ with a pitch of 50 cm.The hole spacing was set at 5 levels of 30 cm,35 cm,40 cm,45 cm,and 50 cm.The growth potential,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield of cmmon beans at different growth stages were compared.As a result,the cultivation density was 115,300 plants ·hm^-2,the plant has strong growth potential,high photosynthetic rate,and the maximum yield is 40158.65 kg·hm^-2,which is the optimal planting density.Test of planting direction and ridge cultivation method: The experimental design designed two-factor random blocks of east-west and north-south planting direction,M ridge and flat ridge cultivation method,and compared the leaf area,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield of common beans at different growth stages.The results showed that the permeability of the common bean population treated with east-west flat loquat was better,the average single pod weight was the largest,reaching 14.67 g,and the yield reached 35631.65 kg·hm^-2.The minimum yield from treatment of north-south direction and M-ridge was 31499 kg·hm^-2,but there was no significant difference between these treatments.The yield per hectare was increased by 5.43% compared with the treatment of M-ridges in the east-west direction.Therefore,the east-west direction and the ridge-direction were the optimal planting modes.From the above results,it was concluded that the excellent varieties of dry-cropped common beans in Hecun,Yangqu County,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences are ’Zao xian nen’ and ’Ji zao cui yu wang’;the optimal fertilizer model is organic fertilizer-compound fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer 500-30-15 kg·667m^-2;the optimal erection method and planting density are 50 cm row spacing and 40 cm hole pitch ‘Ren zi jia’ cultivation;the optimal ridge and planting directions are flat-horizontal east-west cultivation.