| Phellodendron chinense Schneid.and Phellodendron amurense Rupr.are traditional Chinese medicinal materials with a long history of medicinal use,extensive clinical application,and high comprehensive utilization value.The traditional ecological suitability research is limited by various conditions,and the workload is large and not comprehensive.The GIS technology can overcome many defects of the traditional research methods,and the cost is low,and the more accurate results can be obtained conveniently and quickly.In this paper,327 and 240 samples of P.chinense Schneid.and P.amurense Rupr.were collected from the global biodiversity information platform,CVH China digital herbarium and other databases.More than 320 berberine data,170 phellodendron,220 palmatine,180 medicinal base were collected from the literature published in1994-2018.Principal component analysis,partial least squares regression analysis and GIS technology were combined to study the main ecological factors affecting its distribution and accumulation of quality indicators(berberine,phellodendron,palmatine prescribed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(2015edition)).Based on this,the potential suitable distribution areas and the differences of quality indicators in various regions were analyzed.It can provide scientific basis for the correct selection of cultivation areas,and can also provide a method for the selection of suitable areas of other Chinese herbal medicine.And it is conducive to the intensive production of Chinese herbal medicines and commodity standardization.The main results are as follows:(1)Ecologically suitable area of P.chinense Schneid.is in southern China,and P.amurense Rupr.is in the north.There is a clear dividing line.It is roughly in the border area between Gansu and Sichuan,the southern part of Shaanxi,and the central part of Shandong.There is a certain overlap area and the area is small.(2)There are 65 countries and regions in the world suitable for the growth of P.chinense Schneid.,and 30 countries and regions are suitable for the growth of P.amurense Rupr..More than 30 provinces such as Yunnan,Sichuan,and Guangxi in southern China are suitable for the growth of P.chinense Schneid.,and 15 provinces such as Heilongjiang,Inner Mongolia,and Jilin in the north are suitable for the growth of P.amurense Rupr..Ecologically suitable area is much larger than the distribution area.(3)The main factors affecting the accumulation of berberine in P.chinense Schneid.are light,the highest temperature in July,the average annual temperature,and the average temperature in the hottest season,all of which are positively correlated;The main factors affecting the accumulation of phellodendron in P.chinense Schneid.are the highest temperature in July,the average annual temperature,the lowest temperature in January,altitude,and light.The elevation and the lowest temperature in January is positively correlated with the content,and the remaining factors is negatively correlated;The main factors affecting the accumulation of berberine in P.amurense Rupr.are light,the coldest season average temperature,the average temperature in January,the annual average temperature,and the lowest temperature in January,all of which were positively correlated;The main factors affecting the accumulation of palmatine in P.amurense Rupr.are the annual relative humidity,the coldest season precipitation,and the elevation.The annual relative humidity is negatively correlated and the remaining factors are positively correlated.(4)Within the ecologically appropriate range of P.chinense Schneid.,the areas with high content of berberine and phellodendron include traditional production areas in Sichuan and Chongqing.In Yunnan,Guizhou,Fujian,Guangxi and other provinces,the area is also large.These new areas can serve as a preferred area for the development of P.chinense Schneid..In addition,the content of quality indicators in most areas within the ecologically appropriate area can meet the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).(5)Within the ecologically appropriate range of P.amurense Rupr.,the areas with high content of berberine and palmatine are mainly in Shanxi,Shaanxi,Hebei,Liaoning and other provinces.The content of these areas is higher than that of traditional production areas in Heilongjiang and Jilin.The high content area of Shaanxi and Shanxi is large,which is the preferred area for introduction and cultivation.In summary,through the analysis of a large number of relevant data,the spatial calculation of Arc GIS is used to predict the suitable distribution area of species,according to the principle of climate soil similarity degree,which is convenient,fast and low cost.It can be used as a scientific and effective method to study the ecological suitability and cultivation site of other economic plants. |
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