Effects Of Dietary Fiber And Energy Interaction On Uterine Development In Gilts

The uterus development is closely related to the fecundity of the sow,and the candidate period of gilts is the critical period of uterine development.Early research found that diet early high energy intake can promote the gilt sentiment ahead of day age,and affect reproductive performance in the gilt high fiber intake can increase pregnancy early embryo survival rate and lifetime fertility,this may be related to the development of uterus,however,the diet fiber and energy of the gilt uterine development research has not reported as a result,this research explores the diet fiber and energy levels of the gilt uterine growth,the influence of and explore its possible mechanism.This study investigated the effects of dietary fiber and energy interaction on the growth and development of the uterus of a gilt.Thirty-two Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred gilts of similar body weight(91.7 ± 3.7 kg;Mean ± SD)and age(161.5 ± 0.5 d;Mean ± SD)were selected and allocated to one of four nutritional groups,there were 8 replicates in each treatment group,with 1 sow per replicate.The 2 x 2 factor design was used in this experiment,include energy intake level(low energy intake level LE: 7.9 Mcal/d DE,high energy intake level HE: 10.0Mcal/d DE)and fiber intake level(low fiber intake level LF:300 g/d DF,high fiber intake level HF: 600 g/d DF).The LELF gilts were fed 2.4kg basal diets(Supplemental Table S1).The HELF group gilts were fed 2.4kg basal diets and an additional 240 g/d soybean oil,which consisted of inulin and cellulose(1:4).The LEHF group gilts were fed 2.4kg basal diets and an additional 300 g/d dietary fiber per day,and the HEHF group gilts were fed 2.4kg basal diets and an additional 240 g/d soybean oil and 300g/d dietary fiber per day.Collect the uterus tissue for testing in 19 days after slaughter..The results show that:1)At the high energy level of the diet,the age of the first estrus was significantly advanced(P < 0.05).In addition,it significantly increased weight on day 19 of the fourth estrus(P < 0.01)and significantly shortened the total duration of the four estrus(P < 0.033).At high energy level,the body weight on the 19 th day of the fourth estrus was also significantly higher than that of other treatment groups(P < 0.01).However,at low energy levels,high fiber levels significantly increased relative uterine weight(P < 0.01)and uterine horn length(P < 0.01).In addition,fallopian tubes also increased significantly(P < 0.01).There was no significant interaction between high fiber level and high energy level.2)Lab-free non-labeling technique was used to analyze the differences of protein in the uterus of gilts in the four treatment groups.The results showed that:The relative protein content in each sample was analyzed by clustering heat map,and it was found that the difference between low-energy high-fiber group and high-energy lowfiber group was the greatest.Taking the low-energy and high-fiber group as the control group,the other three groups were analyzed for the differential protein wayne analysis(the difference multiple of the average abundance level of the protein group was greater than 2or less than 0.5,and P < 0.05 could be identified as the differential protein.).The results showed that there were 30 different proteins only in the low-energy high-fiber group and the high-energy low-fiber group,among which 19 proteins were up-regulated such as(Cystatin,CST3,Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10 isoform 1,SRSF10,Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein E,SNPRE),mainly participated in the splicing process.Another 11 proteins were down-regulated.These differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in the process of myometrial activity,vascular remodeling,and gene splicing of uterine cells,and the differentially expressed proteins were found to be mainly concentrated in spliceosome by KEGG annotation.3)The thickness of endometrium in the diet with high fiber level tended to increase(P< 0.1),while the thickness of myometrium tended to decrease.It also significantly increased the content of DNA in uterine horn(P < 0.05).4)High energy levels in diet can significantly increase the concentration of estrogen in the blood(P < 0.05).5)The mRNA expression of estrogen receptor in uterine horn was significantly decreased under high dietary fiber level(P < 0.05),and the mRNA expression of Caspase3 was decreased,and the mRNA expression of Bax was significantly decreased(P < 0.05).High energy level in diet has a tendency to reduce the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA.6)High fiber level in diet can significantly increase the content of serum serotonin(P< 0.05),and significantly increase the content of serum serotonin in uterine horn tissue(P <0.01).7)High fiber level in diet can significantly inhibit the expression of Caspase3 protein and promote the phosphorylation of Akt(P < 0.05).Under the effect of high dietary energy,the phosphorylation level of Akt tends to increase(P < 0.1).The phosphorylation level of ERK was significantly decreased under the interaction of high energy and high fiber(P <0.05).Conclusion: under the conditions of this experiment,high energy intake can promote the estrus of the gilts and increase the concentration of estrogen in the blood,but does not affect the uterine development.Dietary fiber intake can inhibit the apoptosis of tissue cells during the development of adolescent uterus of the gilts,improve the thickness of endometrium during the period of proliferation,and promote the development of the uterus of the gilts.