Effects Of Cultivation Modes On Spring Maize Yield And Nitrogen,light And Water Use

The differences of yield and resource utilization efficiency of spring maize under different cultivation management modes with cultivation mode,fertilizer operation and planting density as main control means were discussed in order to clarify the yield increasing effect and mechanism of different cultivation modes.This experiment was conducted in the Halahai comprehensive experimental station(N:44°05’,E:124°51’)of Jilin academy of agricultural sciences in 2017,In this experiment,XianYu335(XY335)and XiangYu998(XY998)were used as materials,there are four management levels of production system(4 management modes):basic production level,farmers’ production level,high-yield and high-efficiency level,super high-yield level.Studies on yield formation,nitrogen,light energy and water use of spring corn under different cultivation modes were carried out.the main results are as follows:(1)Yield and dry matter:The yield of spring maize in both varieties was comprehensive high yield level>high efficiency and high yield level>output level of farmers>basal yield level.high efficiency and high yield level in both varieties was 7.35%(XY998)and 8.08%(XY335)higher than that in output level of farmers,and output level of farmers in comprehensive high yield level was 20.93%(XY998)and 18.13%(XY335).The leaf area and leaf area index of the plant population in each growth period were output level of farmers>basal yield level>high efficiency and high yield level>comprehensive high yield level.The photosynthetic potential showed as comprehensive high yield level>high efficiency and high yield level>output level of farmers>basal yield level,The comprehensive high yield level and high efficiency and high yield level from silking to filling stage increased by 25.0%and 13.8%(XY998)and 23.8%and 17.6%(XY335)respectively compared with utput level of farmers,and increased by 33.2%and 23.2%(XY998)and 29.6%and 23.8%(XY335)respectively compared with the basal yield level.The dry matter accumulation of the two varieties was significantly higher than that of XiangYu998,both showed comprehensive high yield level>high efficiency and high yield level>output level of farmers>basal yield level.the dry matter accumulation and high efficiency and high yield level of the two varieties were increased by 5.2%(XY998)and 11.06%(XY335)respectively compared with the output level of farmers.The comprehensive high yield level increased by 23.15%(XY998)and 27.83%(XY335),Dry matter accumulation among different corn varieties showed that XY335 was significantly higher than XY998.(2)Nitrogen use efficiency:Nitrogen accumulation per plant of spring corn in different cultivation modes was output level of farmers>comprehensive high yield level>high efficiency and high yield level,and that of population was high efficiency and high yield level>comprehensive high yield level>output level of farmers>basal yield level.Nitrogen agronomic efficiency of two corn varieties was high efficiency and high yield level>comprehensive high yield level>output level of farmers,nitrogen partial productivity of two varieties was high efficiency and high yield level>comprehensive high yield level>output level of farmers,and nitrogen production efficiency of two corn varieties was high efficiency and high yield level>comprehensive high yield level>output level of farmers>basal yield level.(3)Light energy utilization efficiency:Under different cultivation modes,the two varieties of light transmittance in each layer showed basal yield level>output level of farmers>comprehensive high yield level>high efficiency and high yield level.The interception of group light energy showed as follows as comprehensive high yield level>high efficiency and high yield level>output level of farmers>basal yield level.The expression of light energy utilization rate is comprehensive high yield level>high efficiency and high yield level>output level of farmers>basal yield level,the high-yield and high-efficiency modes of light energy utilization rate in the filling stage are increased by 6.1%(XY998)and 9.4%(XY335)respectively compared with the farmers’ cultivation mode,and the ultra-high-yield modes are increased by 19.5%(XY998)and 20.9%(XY335)respectively compared with the farmers’cultivation mode.and the relationship between the light energy utilization output level of farmers and comprehensive high yield level was basically progressive,indicating the increase.(4)Water use efficiency:The water use efficiency of the two varieties increased in turn under different cultivation modes,which showed that the comprehensive high yield level>high efficiency and high yield level>output level of farmers>basal yield level,and the water use efficiency of the two varieties increased by 9.1%(XY998)and 13.3%(XY335)respectively compared with the high efficiency and high yield level,11.3%(XY998)and 22.04%(XY335)higher than the farmer model,respectively.Considering synthetically,the high efficiency and high yield level is the best planting mode,its density is reasonable,fertilizer dosage is less,the yield is higher,the comprehensive benefit is better than the comprehensive high yield level.Considering comprehensively,this experiment recommended the high efficiency and high yield level as the best planting mode,with reasonable density,less fertilizer consumption,higher yield and better comprehensive benefits than he comprehensive high yield level.