The Analysis Of The Impact Of Export Trade On Labor Share Of State-owned Enterprises

Since the 1990 s,the pace of China's integration into the global economy has been accelerating,and its foreign trade has developed rapidly.However,while the scale of foreign trade continues to expand and the level of national income continues to improve,China's labor share continues to decline,which is not conducive to the fairness of income distribution and social harmony and stability,and is not conducive to the long-term healthy development of the economy.In addition,another noteworthy phenomenon is that compared with non-state-owned enterprises,the decline of labor share of state-owned enterprises is particularly prominent,and in the state-owned enterprises engaged in export trade,the decline of labor share is more obvious.In view of this phenomenon,taking state-owned enterprises as the research object,it is of great practical significance to deeply study the effect of export trade on labor share.Firstly,this paper combs the relevant research literature at home and abroad,and fully absorbs the existing research results.Then,based on CES production function,this paper expounds the influence mechanism of export trade on labor share in theoretical level,and decomposes the influence of export trade on labor share into wage level effect and labor productivity effect,which together determine the change direction of labor share.Finally,based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1999 to 2007,this paper uses mixed regression,random effect,fixed effect,seemingly unrelated regression and propensity score matching methods for empirical analysis.The results show that:(1)Export trade has a significant negative impact on the labor share of state-owned enterprises,the labor share of export enterprises is equivalent to 96.95% of non-export enterprises;(2)The mechanism of export trade affecting labor share is that export trade can not only raise wages,but also raise labor productivity,but the increase of wage level is lower than labor productivity,which leads to the decline of labor share;(3)The negative impact of export trade on labor share of capital-intensive industries is greater than that of labor-intensive industries,the negative impact of export trade on labor share of central and western regions is greater than that of eastern regions.This paper proves theoretically and empirically that export trade is an important factor affecting the labor share of state-owned enterprises,but we must be cautious in seeking policy implications.It is true that export trade reduces the labor share,however,this paper finds that export trade not only increases the wage level,but also increases the labor productivity ofenterprises,the decline of labor share is only the result of unbalanced growth of the two.Based on this,this paper gives the following policy recommendations.First,continue to expand opening-up and encourage export trade;Second,deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and accelerate the pace of wage adjustment;Third,strengthen the protection of workers' rights and interests and establish a stable labor-capital relationship;Fourth,promote personal income tax reform and optimize the tax structure;This study provides a new perspective for further understanding the changes of labor share,and also provides policy recommendations for the reform of state-owned enterprises and the promotion of labor share.