| Objective To examine the time-course expression of high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)in animal models with temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)and its downstream SARA/p-Smad3 signal pathway in the brain tissue of patients with TLE,so as to provide a new target for the clinical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy.Methods The expression of HMGB1 was detected by western blot at 1 day,3 days,7 days,14 days,21 days and 28 days after the establishment of kainic acid-induced epilepsy model.Brain tissue from patients with drugresistant temporal lobe epilepsy was randomly selected from our brain tissue database.Western blot,immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double labeling were used to detect the expression and distribution of SARA and p-Smad3,downstream of HMGB1.Results Compared to the control group,the expression of HMGB1 in epileptic animal model was up-regulated from the 3rd day to the 14 th day after epileptogenesis(P?0.05).The expression of SARA and p-Smad3 in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy was higher than the control group(P?0.05).And SARA only expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons.Conclusion HMGB1 is a late inflammatory factor after seizure,which has potential clinical significance in the monitoring and control of epilepsy,and may be involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy together with its downstream SARA/p-Smad3 signal factors.Objective This study aims to analyze the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms(NPSs)and its impact on activities of daily living(ADL)in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods From January 2014 to December 2018,a total number of 1443 registered patients with memory decline as chief complaints were included in this study.Before screening,demographic information was collected and neuropsychological examinations were conducted for all of the enrolled patients and their care-providers.Results 57.8% of MCI patients,81.3% of mild AD patients,93.5% of moderate AD patients and 100% of severe AD patients showed at least one NPSs.The comparison of the prevalence of symptoms among the groups showed that apathy was the most prominent and common symptom across the whole process of AD(all P?0.05).In terms of gender comparison,among MCI and AD patients,depression was the only symptom displayed higher prevalence in female than in male patients(P?0.05)while the prevalence of apathy in male AD patients was higher than that in female patients(all P?0.05).In addition,the effect of NPSs on ADL(divided into BPMS and IADL)was only significant in patients with mild AD.Conclusion We proposed that apathy as well as the impact of NPSs on ADL could assist stage-specific diagnosis of AD,especially for early stage.Hallucination and aberrant motor disorder might predict the progression of disease.Depression was shown more prevalent in female patients were aroused by many reasons,including the influence from Chinese traditional culture. |
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