| Land resources are the material basis of people's lives and the foundation of modern society's development and economic construction.However,since China's reform and opening up,the country has put a lot of work into townships in order to realize the integration of urban and rural areas and ensure the sustainable development of social economy.While building and expanding rural residential areas,there are problems such as the large number of idle houses,scattered spatial layout,and low utilization efficiency of homesteads in rural residential areas.When expanding rural settlements,villagers open up a large amount of cultivated land around the urban and rural areas,and in order to achieve balance between compensation and forcing a large number of land reclamation and reclamation of woodland grassland near mountainous rivers,the phenomenon of soil erosion and soil degradation is more serious,and the spatial layout of cultivated land is disorderly.Disorder,low productivity.Therefore,optimizing the spatial distribution of land resources is conducive to the full utilization of land resources.Optimization of spatial layout provides a theoretical basis for more efficient development of agricultural land and more rapid and sustainable development of construction land.This study takes Bayan County,a major agricultural county in Heilongjiang Province,as the study area.Based on systematic theory,sustainable development,and other related theories,the grid data is used as the evaluation unit to evaluate the land types of agricultural land and construction land.The agricultural land suitability assessment was based on a comprehensive analysis of eight indicators in topographic conditions,soil conditions,location conditions and irrigation conditions.The construction land suitability assessment was based on rural residential land use as the main research object and natural conditions,location conditions,and population economic conditions were selected.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the seven indicators,the division of different regions or different types based on the current status of land use and suitability evaluation results,and finally the optimization of the spatial layout,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)The existing agricultural land(cultivated land,forest land,and grassland)in Bayan County has an area of 28,134,041 hm~2.An evaluation index system is constructed from four aspects:topographic conditions,soil conditions,location conditions,and irrigation conditions.Comprehensive evaluation is carried out on this basis.The evaluation results were divided into four grades:the most suitable,more suitable,reluctant and unsuitable,of which the most suitable area was 44030 hm~2,accounting for 15.65 percent of the agricultural land in Bayan County,and the more suitable area was 129754 hm~2,accounting for the agricultural land area of Bayan County.46.12%,barely suitable area is 70,419hm~2,accounting for 25.03%of the agricultural land in Bayan County,and the unsuitable area is 37,137hm~2 accounting for 13.20%of the agricultural land in Bayan County.For the sustainable development of agriculture,the optimization of agricultural spatial distribution will be divided into five regions:the main northern grain production area,the middle high-efficiency agriculture area,the eastern ecological forestry area,the southwestern ecological grass area,and the southern core development.Partitions.The main grain-producing areas in the north and the high-efficiency agriculture areas in the central part are mainly agricultural production.The land-use conversion method is mainly to convert other types of land into arable land,and the grassland area can be appropriately reduced;the southern core development area can accelerate the development of towns and industries.The main production efficiency is to transform unsuitable land into industrial production land and appropriately reduce inappropriate forest land area.The main functions of the eastern ecological forestry area and the southwestern ecological grassland area are to maintain ecological stability and reduce soil erosion.Inappropriate land is converted into woodland and grassland.(2)The existing rural residential area in Bayan County is 14,908 hm~2.An evaluation index system is constructed from natural conditions,location conditions,and population economic conditions.According to the evaluation results,the status quo of rural residential areas within the county area is finally divided into four levels,among which the high and suitable residential areas The number of plaques is 868,with an area of 7521 hm~2,accounting for 50.44%of the total residential area in Bayan County.The number of suitable patches in the middle of the population is405 in the area of 3564hm~2,accounting for 23.91%of the total residential area in Bayan County.The number of suitable patches for residential areas was 234,with an area of 2319 hm~2,accounting for 15.56%of the total area of Bayan County.The number of unpopular patches was 175 with an area of 1504 hm~2,accounting for the total area of Bayan County residential area.10.09%.In order to advance the rationalization of the rural settlements in Bayan County,the rural settlements in Bayan County are divided into four types of villages according to the final evaluation results and the spatial distribution characteristics of the residential areas:central development villages,reserved construction villages,and relocations.Renovation of villages and ecological migration villages,including 54 central development villages with an area of 6267.37 hm~2,accounting for42.1%of the total area of Bayan County's residential areas.The future development of these villages should be in the direction of scattered and small-scale villages.Centralized layout,the overall development to the county and village center;retain 37 construction villages,residential area of 4532.13hm~2,accounting for 30.4%of Bayan County's total residential area,the future direction of such villages is to damage a large degree For houses,specific remedial measures should be taken,and those with higher safety factors and complete houses should be managed centrally;14 villages should be relocated and reconstructed,and the residential area should be2385.30 hm~2,accounting for 16%of the total residential area in Bayan County.The future direction of such villages is to take corresponding measures for the relocation or general rectification of houses with damaged or damaged houses;People point area 1714.42hm~2,accounting for 11.5%of the total area of Bayan settlements,the future direction of development of these villages should be timely migration should migrate to the development of economic conditions in the vicinity,a good regional location conditions. |
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