The Research On Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies During The Revolution Of 1911

This paper intends to study the historical evolution of the Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies,its representatives,its relationship with the League and its role in the 1911 Revolution in Shaanxi Province.Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies has a long history and upholds the tenet of "anti-Qing and rejuvenating Han Dynasty".At the end of the Qing Dynasty,anti-Qing,anti-tax and anti-donation activities have been carried out independently.During the period of the preparation of the 1911 Revolution in Shaanxi,Shaanxi members of the League of Shaanxi nationalities strived for and united the Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies.They formed a Revolutionary Alliance on the basis of the common politics of the Anti-Qing Dynasty.Under the initiative of the League,they jointly planned,organized and implemented the Xi'an Uprising and became the first The northern provinces of Yiyi.During the Xi'an Uprising,the Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies played an important role in attacking Mancheng,recovering Xi'an and assisting the revolutionary party in establishing the revolutionary regime.In Qianzhou and Fengxiang on the western line of Shaanxi Province,together with Tongguan in the eastern part of Shaanxi Province,it repulsed the Qing troops' counter-attack and consolidated the revolutionary achievements.Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies has played an important and extraordinary role.Of course,due to the feudalism and backwardness of the Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies itself,there are also some negative phenomena in the whole process of the 1911 Revolution,such as opposing military decrees,unification of government decrees,self-establishment of government gates,and disturbance of independence.On the whole,the Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies showed brave and sobbing spirit in the whole process of the 1911 Revolution in Shaanxi Province,playing a decisive role in the revolution and making decisions.A decisive contribution has been made.This paper also puts forward some new opinions on the evaluation of the negative role of the Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies in the process of the 1911 Revolution in Shaanxi.It holds that the evaluation of the revolutionary role of the Shaanxi Anti-Qing Secret Societies in the academic circles is too harsh and underestimated.It points out that the achievements of the 1911 Revolution in Shaanxi were usurped by the forces of Yuan Shikai,which was determined by the overall political situation of the whole country at that time.The revolutionary party members of Shaanxi League,who obeyed the headquarters deployment,took the lead in reaching an agreement with Yuan Shikai's forces.Therefore,the revolutionary party should bear the main responsibility for the failure of the 1911 Revolution in Shaanxi,and their repression of the Shaanxi Association Party after the peace talks was not fair enough.The Shaanxi Association Party could not bear the main responsibility for the failure of the 1911 Revolution in Shaanxi.