| Objective: To observe the effects of aerobic exercise,enriched environment and their combination on the cognitive ability of autistic rats,and to explore the possible mechanism.Experimental methods: Choose aerobic exercise,enrich the environment and their combination the three intervention methods.The autistic rat model was established by injecting sodium valproate into the abdominal cavity of pregnant Wistar rats by Schneider et Al.Forty offspring rats were randomly divided into aerobic exercise group,enriched environment group,exercise + environment group and VPA control group,each group consisted of 10 rats,and 10 normal offspring rats without intervention were randomly selected as blank control group.The rats in the aerobic exercise group were given swimming exercise for 90 minutes six times a week for eight weeks,and the rats in the enriched environment group were kept in the enriched environment cage with various toys for playing.The exercise + environment group received exercise intervention and was reared in a enriched environment.The behavioral changes were observed by open field test and Morris water maze test,and the protein and mRNA expressions of NRXN1,NL3,Shank3 in hippocampal were measured by Western Blot and real-time PCR.Results:(1)Open field experiment results:(1)Before the intervention,the number of penetrating experiments in the open field in the VPA control group,aerobic exercise group,rich environment group,aerobic + environment group were lower than that of the blank control group(P <0.01).(2)After the intervention,the number of cross-cuts of the rats was significantly different from that before the intervention(P <0.05);the number of cross-cuts of the aerobic + environment group> aerobic exercise group> rich environment group> VPA control group,there are The aerobic exercise group,enriched environment group,aerobic + environment group was haigherthan the VPA control group(P <0.05).(2)Morris water maze experiment results:(1)Escape latency results: Compared with the blank control group,the escape latency of the remaining groups was longer before the intervention,and the difference was extremely significant(P <0.01);The escape latency was shorter than that in the VPA control group(P <0.05);the escape latency was shorter in the aerobic + rich environment group and the aerobic group than in the rich environment group(P> 0.05).;The blank control group had a shorter escape latency than the other groups,and the differences were extremely significant(P <0.01).(2)Number of cross-platform results: blank control group> aerobic + environment group> aerobic exercise group> enriched environment group> VPA control group;in number of cross-platform crossings the aerobic + environment group was higher than VPA control group(P <0.05));no significant difference in the number of cross-platform crossings in the other groups(P> 0.05).(3)Percentage of active time in the quadrant of the original platform: blank control group> aerobic + environment group> aerobic exercise group> rich environment group> VPA control group;the remaining 4 groups compared with the VPA control group of rats are swimming in the quadrant where the original platform is Compared with the blank control group,the swimming time of the original platform in the quadrant of the VPA control group was shorter,and the difference was significant(P <0.05).The rats in the rich environment group were in the original group.The swimming time in the quadrant where the platform is located was shorter than that in the aerobic exercise group and the aerobic + environment group(P> 0.05).(3)Western Blot results:(1)Relative expression of NL3 protein in rat hippocampus: blank control group> aerobic + environment group> aerobic group> rich environment group> VPA control group.Relative expression of NL3 protein in the blank control group is much higher than in the VPA control group(P <0.01);the relative expression of the NL3 protein in the aerobic group,rich environment group,and aerobic + environment group were much more than the VPA control group(P <0.05);the difference between the aerobic + environment group and the VPA control group was extremely significant(P <0.01).(2)The relative expression of NRXN1 protein in rat hippocampus: blank control group> aerobic + environment group> aerobic group> enriched environment group> VPA control group.The VPA control group had extremely significant differences compared with the blank control group(P <0.01);the rich environment group,aerobic group,and aerobic + environment group had significant differences compared with the VPA control group(P <0.05)..(3)The relative expression of Shank3 protein in rat hippocampus: blank control group> aerobic + environmental group> rich environmental group> aerobic group> VPA control group.The difference between the blank control group and the VPA control group was extremely significant(P <0.01);the rich environment group and the aerobic group were significantly different from the VPA control group(P <0.05);The relative expression of Shank3 protein was higher than that of the aerobic group(P> 0.05).Compared with the VPA control group,the aerobic + environmental group had a significant difference(P <0.01).(4)qRT-PCR test results:(1)Relative expression of NL3 gene in rat hippocampus: blank control group> aerobic + environmental group> aerobic group> rich environment group> VPA control group.The difference was significant between the VPA control group,the rich environment group and the aerobic group(P <0.05);the difference between the aerobic + environment group and the VPA control group was extremely significant(P <0.01);the blank control group was higher than the VPA group(P <0.01);no significant differences between the rich environment group,aerobic group and aerobic + environment group(P> 0.05).(2)Relative expression of NRXN1 gene in rat hippocampus: blank control group> aerobic + environment group> aerobic group> enriched environment group> VPA control group.Compared with the VPA control group,the difference between the rich environment group,aerobic group,and aerobic + environment group was statistically significant(P < 0.05);the difference between the VPA control group and the blank control group was extremely significant(P < 0.01);The differences between the rich environment group,aerobic group and aerobic + environment group were not statistically significant(P> 0.05).(3)Relative expression of Shank3 gene in rat hippocampus: blank control group> aerobic + environmental group> rich environment group> aerobic environment group> VPA control group.Compared with the VPA control group,the difference between the rich environment group,aerobic group,and aerobic + environment group was statistically significant(P < 0.05);the difference between the VPA control group and the blank control group was extremely significant(P < 0.01);The differences between the rich environment group,aerobic group and aerobic + environment group were not statistically significant(P> 0.05).Conclusions:1.Aerobic exercise,rich environment,and the combination of them can improve the cognitive ability of animal models of autism induced by VPA.Intervention effect: Aerobic exercise combined with rich environment is better than aerobic exercise,aerobic exercise is better than rich environment.2.Aerobic exercise,enriched environment,and the combination of both can increase the expression levels of NL3 protein / gene,NRXN1 protein / gene,Shank3 protein / gene in the hippocampus of rats,and the intervention effect of aerobic exercise combined with rich environment is the best.The effect of aerobic exercise intervention was slightly less,and the effect of rich environmental intervention was the weakest.3.The possible mechanisms that aerobic exercise,enriched environment,and the combination of the two affect the cognitive ability of animal models of autism are: cause the NRXN--NLGN-SHANK pathway excitement,and correct the abnormality of synapses that induce autism to a certain extent Thereby improving the cognitive ability of autistic rats. |
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