Differential Expression Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta In Peripheral Blood Between Unipolar And Bipolar Depression

Objective The etiology and pathogenesis of unipolar and bipolar depression are very complex and multiple factors effects.At present,there are various factors considered,such as genetic factors,neurotransmitter dysfunction and etc.If we can explore the pathogenesis from different directions,we may develop targeted therapeutic drugs in the future,which will make patients recover as soon as possible and greatly reduce the economic burden of the disease so that bring great benefits to patients and their families.Some studies have found that lithium is an inhibitor of glycogen synthetase kinase-3(GSK-3),and lithium salt is an emotional stabilizer.So we began to explore whether there is a correlation between GSK-3 and the occurrence of emotional disorders.There are two forms of GSK-3 in mammals,including GSK-3α and GSK-3β.GSK-3β has two phosphorylation sites.N-terminal tyrosine-216 site makes its activity increase while N-terminal serine-9site makes it inactive.Next,the total GSK-3β and phosphorylated GSK-3β(p-GSK-3β)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients were studied.p-GSK-3β is phosphorylated serine 9 site.According with before study results,there are different controversial point of view about whether there are relationship between the two diseases and GSK-3 or not.Because limited clinical data about GSK-3 and depressive disorder and these study mainly focused on animal models,there is no distinction animal models of bipolar depression or unipolar depression in experimental design.Therefore,The study aim is to solve the following problems:(1)is there any difference between the bipolar depression and the normal people in GSK-3β;(2)Is there any difference between the unipolar depression and the normal people in GSK-3β;(3)Is there any difference in GSK-3β between the unipolar and the bipolar depression.The clinical significance of this experiment is to find out the pathogenic factors that lead to the occurrence and development of unipolar and bipolar depression,and to provide the basis for the development of new drugs for their treatment.In order to identify unipolar and bipolar depression in early stages,we need to find effective biomarkers to provide an objective basis for clinical diagnosis,so as to reduce the error rate of subjective judgment.Materials and methods the outpatient and ward patients of Dalian Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical university from January to October 2019.And there are 30 patients of bipolar depressive and 30 patients of unipolar depressive disorder.And there are 30 cases in the normal group.All participant general states were collected under informed consent.That included of the name,gender,age,education years,marriage states.They also were all evaluated by hamilton depressive scale(HAMD)and their 20 ml peripheral venous blood were collected.The proteins of total GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measure by Western blot.Result1.The ratio of p-GSK-3β to total GSK-3β in the unipolar depression group was higher than the normal group,and there was a significant difference(P =0.000< 0.01).2.The ratio of p-GSK-3β to total GSK-3β in the bipolar depression group was higher than the normal group,and there was a significant difference(P=0.000 < 0.01).3.The ratio of p-GSK-3β to total GSK-3β in the bipolar depression group was higher than the unipolar depression group,and there was significant difference(P=0.000 <0.01).4.The ratio of p-GSK-3β to total GSK-3β in the unipolar depression group has no significant correlation with the their scores of HAMD(r = 0.325,P = 0.08 > 0.05).5.The ratio of p-GSK-3β to total GSK-3β in the bipolar depression group was positively correlated with the their scores of HAMD(r = 0.424,P = 0.019 < 0.05).Conclusion1.The changes of the ratio of p-GSK-3β to total GSK-3β may involve in the pathogenesis of unipolar and bipolar depression,which may provides a basis for the development of their targeted drugs.2.the ratio of p-GSK-3β to total GSK-3β may play a key role in the differntial disagnosis between unipolar and bipolar depression.