Evaluation The Dietary Quality And Dietary Influencing Factors Of Sarcopenia In The Elderly By Using Diet Balance Index

Objectives:This study used DBI-16 to evaluate the dietary quality of 60-year-olds and older,and explored the dietary influencing factors of sarcopenia from the perspective of dietary patterns.It can provide targeted dietary guidance to the population and improve the diet of the elderly,in older to reduce the occurrence and development of sarcopenia in the elderly.Methods:During the period of January to July in 2019,a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 2456 elderly people aged 60 and over from Shandong province,Henan province,Heilongjiang province,Hunan province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regions.Including surveys of basic information,anthropometric indicators,and dietary intake.After sorting the data,the diet quality was evaluated according to the DBI-16 scoring criteria.The DBI-16 score was calculated by using R3.4.3,and the HBS,LBS,TS,and DQD of different populations were compared by using two independent sample t-test and analysis of variance.Chi-square test was used to compare the differences the proportion of patients with sarcopenia of different genders.Two independent sample t-test was used to compare the food intakes of different ages and gender groups,and to compare different related indicators of different genders and the food intakes of the two groups of the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group.Analyzed whether the five items included in the SARC-F scale are normal,and the relationship between the DBI-16 score evaluation index and the scores of each component by using the rank sum test.Binary logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of handgrip strength and pace,and to assess the association between the score of each component of DBI-16 and sarcopenia,handgrip strength,and pace.Results:(1)10.6%of the elderly have a middle and high degree of insufficient intake,51.5%of the elderly have a middle and high degree of excessive intake,and 44.0%of the elderly have a middle and high degree of dietary imbalance.Among the elderly people surveyed,the average intake of grains and salt exceeded the recommended intake,and the average intake of fruits,milk,eggs,aquatic products,drinking water and cooking oil did not reach the recommended intake.Vegetables,red meats and beans are within the recommended intake range.(2)71.11%of the elderly have excessive intake of cereals,and more than half of the elderly have insufficient intake of aquatic products,milk,and fruits.All of the surveyed elderly did not meet the recommended intake of food types.At the same time,vegetables,beans,eggs and drinking water are inadequately intake.Poultry and meat are both inadequately and excessively consumed.Nearly half of the elderly drink less than the recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society which is 1200ml.More than 60%of the elderly's oil and salt intake is within the recommended intake range.(3)Among the surveyed population,there are 8 dietary patterns,of which the number of persons in pattern D is the largest,followed by pattern E,and the dietary intake of pattern A is the best,accounting for only 11.4%(281 persons).Mode I did not appear in the survey population.It can be seen that the main dietary problems of the population are mainly dietary excessive intake.(4)There are more diet problems for old people who are older,living in the countryside,working as farmers,single(unmarried,divorced or widowed),not living with their wives,low education,low income,low handgrip and low pace.(5)There were 444 patients with sarcopenia among the elderly in the survey,the prevalence rate was 18.1%,of which 126 were males,accounting for 28.38%of the total sarcopenia;318 were females,accounting for 71.62%.The prevalence of sarcopenia in women is 23.7%higher than 11.3%in men.The handgrip strength and pace of old people with sarcopenia were lower than those of non-sarcopenia group.The dietary intake of cereals,vegetables,fruits,eggs,aquatic products,beans,alcohol,and drinking water was lower in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group.(6)After adjusting age,gender,ethnicity,marital status,BMI,disease types and physical activity,beans[OR(95%CI),1.583(1.252,2.002)],poultry and meat[OR(95%(CI),1.357(1.035,1.779)],food types[OR(95%CI),1.407(1.044,1.897)]insufficient intake,and salt[OR(95%CI),1.321(1.028,1.698)]Photo Overdose is a risk factor for sarcopenia.(7)After adjusting gender,age,occupation,BMI,disease type,DQD,and physical activity,cereal[OR(95%CI)0.591(0.474,0.737)],oil[OR(95%CI),0.757(0.622,0.921)]and alcohol[OR(95%CI),0.289(0.151,0.554)]Excessive intake is a protective factor for grip strength,vegetables[OR(95%CI),1.290(1.050,1.583)],fruits[OR(95%CI),1.389(1.101,1.752)],red meat[OR(95%CI),1.342(1.069,1.684)],aquatic products[OR(95%CI),1.447(1.131,1.851)],Inadequate intake of beans[OR(95%CI),1.396(1.130,1.724)]and food types[OR(95%CI),1.743(1.351,2.248)]are risk factors for grip strength.(8)After adjusting gender,age,monthly family income per capita,place of residence,DQD and physical activity,cereals[OR(95%CI),0.676(0.549,0.834)],poultry and meat[OR(95%CI),0.572(0.456,0.717)1,oil[OR(95%CI),0.381(0.313,0.462)]and salt[OR(95%CI),0.539(0.431,0.674)]Excessive intake is protection of pace Sexual factors,insufficient intake of fruits[OR(95%CI),1.896(1.520,0.2.366)]and drinking water[OR(95%CI),2.258(1.812,2.813)]are risk factors for pace.Conclusion:Dietary imbalances are very common in the elderly.The problems of insufficient food intake and excessive intake coexist,and the quality of the diet is not ideal.By adjusting the diet structure of the elderly,the diet quality of the elderly can be improved,which has an important role in slowing the decline of the elderly's grip strength and pace,preventing the decrease of muscle strength and physical function,and preventing the occurrence of sarcopenia.