Effect Of Hydrogen Water On High Density Lipoprotein Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by blood glucose elevation,which is closely related to atherosclerotic diseases.T2 DM belong to the metabolic syndrome and usually lead to impaired endothelial function,mild inflammation,the involveing of adipose cytokines,dyslipidemia,blood clots and fibrinolytic system inhibition,which is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases.According to the analysis of the cause of death in patients with T2 DM,the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is the leading causes of the death in patients with diabetes.The analysis of the risk factors of T2 DM with cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)showed that lipid metabolism disorder is the main risk factors,which combined with high density lipoprotein dysfunction played important roles in its process,and is closely related to T2 DM cardiovascular complications.Among all the factors,lipoprotein dysfunction,especially HDL(High-density lipoprotein,HDL)dysfun-ction plays an important role in the progression of diabetic complications.In 2007,the academic team from Japan found that hydrogen,which acted as an antioxidant,could protect cerebral from ischemia reperfusion injury and thus raised the upsurge to study the roles of hydrogen.Existing related research had confirmed that after drinking hydrogen-rich water for a long time,many indicaters including the liver MDA level,blood lipid,blood glucose and TG levels had been reduced in mice model of type 2diabetes associated with obesity.And our early human trials found that drinking hydrogen-rich water could promote the intracellular cholesterol outflow by activiting the ABCA1 protein in patients with hyperlipidemia,and by which strengthen the antiatherosclerosis functions of HDL and the regulation function of the blood lipid.For the HDL in T2 DM patients,the causes of HDL dysfunction may be that the oxidation effect of the high blood glucose in body might result in the the glycosylated HDL because of the nonenzymatic glycosylated modification.While how about the effects of hydrogen wateron the regulation of HDL function in T2 DM patients,the answer is still unknown,and so in this case,the study take a double-blind placebo-control method to verify the impact of hydrogen water on the regulation of HDL function in T2 DM.AimsThe objective of this study was to further characterize the effects of hydrogen water on the regulation of HDL function on patients with T2 DM in a double-blinded,randomised and placebo-controlled trial.Methods1.Subjects: We recruited 74 subjects(40–70 years old)with T2 DM in a certain community,defined as glycated hemoglobin A1c≥6.5% and/or FPG≥7.0 mmol/L(fasting is defined as no calorie intake in at least eight hours);or 2-hour postprandial blood glucose≥11.1mmol/L.But people with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),impaired glucose tolerance(IGT),and other types of diabetes mellitus patients including secondary to diabetes family hereditary diabetes is excluded.All patients had been complying with lifestyle intervention but had not received any hypoglycemic agent for at least 3 months before the beginning of the study.2.Clinical intervention: All the subjects were divided into experimental and control groups according to gender,age,blood glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin levels,37 cases in each group.The patients consumed 735 mL/day(245 mL/time,3 times/day)of hydrogen-rich pure water or 735 mL/day(245 mL/time,3 times/day)of placebo water for10 weeks.Blood specimen collection over the weekend of week 0,10.3.Laboratory testing: Blood samples were obtained in the morning after an overnight fast.The plasma was pooled and fasted plasma lipoproteins were fractionated by ultracentrifugation at 40,000 rpm in a Beckman Optima LE-80 K into very low density lipoproteins(VLDL),low density lipoproteins(LDL)and HDL3;Reverse cholesterol transport function of the experimental detection HDL cholesterol lipid-laden macrophages in charge overflow;Detection of apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis and MTT assay;Protective effective on endothelial cells by monocyte adhesion assay HDL and LDL on endthelial cell stimulation.ResultAssessed in protection against LDL oxidation,inhibition of oxidized-LDL induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells,and protection of endothelial cells from oxidized-LDL induced apoptosis,were all significantly improved by hydrogen water treatment;hydrogen water treatment resulted in significant reductions in levels of several inflame-matory and oxidative stress indicators induced by ox-LDL;and the HDL cholesterol reverse function also improved by hydrogen water treatment Conclusions1.Hydrogen water improved plasma HDL’s function of anti-inflammatory in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus;2.Hydrogen water improved plasma HDL’s function of anti-oxidant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus;3.Hydrogen water improved plasma HDL’s endothelial cell protection effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus;4.Hydrogen water improved plasma HDL’s function of cholesterol reverse transportation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.