On The Hemostatic Material Basis Of Hawthorn Before And After Charcoal Processing With The Theory "the Red Can Be Stopped By Black Medicines"

ObJective: Hawthorn is a commonly used clinical Chinese medicine,which has the effects of strengthening the stomach and promoting digestion,reducing turbidity,and lowering blood fat.Literature has reported that carbonized Hawthorn has the effect of hemostasis.However,the associated hemostatic mechanism of Hawthorn charcoal is still unclear.By employing modern scientific analysis methods,the variations in physical property,,the substrate of Maillard Reaction,chemical composition and Characteristic maps of the Hawthorn before and after stir-frying charcoal were compared.pharmacological experiments with Hawthorn before and after charcoal stir-frying charcoal were conducted.This paper clarifies the material basis of carbonized Hawthorn and demonstrated the scientific connotation of “the red can be stopped by black medicines” in traditional Chinese medicine processing theory.Method 1.According to the four methods of charcoal(General Regulation 0213)from Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),an infrared thermometer control method was used to prepare the carbonized Hawthorn under steady fire condition.The ordinary optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to compare the physical characteristics of the samples before and after stir-frying charcoal.The changes in adsorption of the samples before and after charcoal were compared by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The content of amino acid and reducing sugar in the substrate of Maillard reaction was also determined.then used the impregnation method and resin-refining technology to extract and sperate Melanin in carbonized Hawthorn.2.The common chemical components with hemostatic effect were first sorted out through literature analysis.Here I selected organic acids,total flavonoids,tannins,and calcium ions as effective components for hemostasis and compared the changes of these components before and after the charcoal processing of Hawthorn.The material basis of “Carbonizing by stir-frying stops bleeding” was then addressed.3.KM mouse bleeding models using the method of anticoagulant warfarin;and the models were divided into six groups,namely,the blank group,model group,positive group,raw hawthorn group,carbonized Hawthorn group,and melanoidins group.I employed three different methods(1)mouse tail-cutting method,(2)capillary method,and(3)glass method to compare the effects of carbonized Hawthorn on bleeding and clotting time in mice.4.The characteristic maps of 13 batches of hawthorn samples before and after charcoal were investigated.the structural attribution of the main chromatographic peaks in the characteristic maps was identified,which poses a foundation for further study.Results 1.Apparent changes in the physical characteristic of Hawthorn charcoal before and after charcoal processing is observed.Observations by ordinary light microscope indicate that the materials after charcoal processing show more transparent irregular,polygonal or oblong shapes compared with raw Hawthorn.Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the structure of Hawthorn charcoal is more porous than the raw Hawthorn.The adsorption capacity of carbonized Hawthorn is 105.26% of raw hawthorn.Also,the content of amino acids and reducing sugars in Hawthorn decrease after the charcoal processing.And the melanoidins content is 13% separated from the carbonized Hawthorn.2.The contents of organic acids,total flavonoids,tannins,reducing sugars,and amino acids in Hawthorn all show a decrease pattern after stir-frying charcoal processing,while the content of calcium ions increases.3.The raw Hawthorn group can,to some extents,shorten the bleeding time and clotting time in mice compared with the model group;but there is no significant difference(p>0.05)between the two groups.The carbonized Hawthorn group and the melanoidins group can both remarkably shorten the bleeding time in mice with a significant statistical difference(p < 0.001).4.Three new spectrum peaks appear in the characteristic map of the Hawthorn samples after stir-frying charcoal charcoal processing compared with those of the raw hawthorn.Conclusions 1.The loose,porous structure of Hawthorn after charcoal processing is one of the main reasons for hemostasis.The Maillard reaction occurs during the charcoal processing of Hawthorn.2 Calcium ion may be the main effective component which makes Hawthorn charcoal to stop bleeding;and the organic acids,total flavonoids,and tannins are auxiliary effective components for hemostasis 3 Raw Hawthorn has no obvious hemostatic effect,while Hawthorn charcoal and melanoid both have the apparent effect of hemostasis.4 The three new ingredients arose after stir-frying charcoal processing of Hawthorn probably corresponds to the main components that take effects for hemostasis.